Free Essays on Invisible Man: Seeking Self :: Invisible Man Essays

Seeking Self in Invisible Man Invisible Man is a story told through the eyes of the cashier, a gruesome man struggling in a whiten culture. The narrative starts during his college days where he works hard and earns respect from the administration. Dr. Bledsoe, the prominent Black administrator of his school, becomes his mentor. Dr. Bledsoe has achieved winner in the White culture which becomes the goals which the cashier seeks to achieve. The narrators hard work culminates in him being given the privilege of taking Mr. Norton, a White benefactor to the school, on a car ride around the college argona. After much persuasion and against his better judgement, the narrator takes Mr. Norton to a run down Black neighborhood. When Dr. Bledsoe found issue about the trip the narrator was kicked out of school because he showed Mr. Norton anything less than the ideal Black man. The narrator is shattered, by having the person he idealizes turn on him. Immediately, he travels to New York w here he starts his life anew. He joins the Brotherhood, a group striving for the betterment of the Black race, an ideal he reveres. Upon arrival in the Brotherhood, he meets Brother Tarp and Brother Tod Clifton who give him a chain link and a paper doll, respectively. I choose to write about these items because they argon symbolic of his struggle in his community fighting for the black people and of his struggle within himself searching for identity. The narrator works hard for the Brotherhood and his efforts are rewarded by being distinguished as the representative of the Harlem district. One of the first people he meets is Brother Tarp, a veteran worker in the Harlem district, who gives the narrator the chain link he broke nineteen years earlier, while freeing himself from being imprisoned. Brother Tarps imprisonment was for standing up to a White man. He was punished for his defiance and attempt to assert his individuality. Imprisonment robbed him of his identity which he regai ned by escaping and establishing himself in the Brotherhood. The chain becomes a symbol between the narrator and Brother Tarp because the chain also symbolizes the narrators experience in college, where he was not physically chained down, but he was restricted to living harmonise to Dr. Bledsoes rules. He feels that he too escaped, in order to establish himself again (386).

Comparative Analysis of Australian Aboriginals, Torres Strait Islanders, and the First Nations of Canada :: Equality Health Human Development Essays

Comparative Analysis of Australian Aboriginals, Torres Strait Islanders, and the First Nations of CanadaINTRODUCTION Equality in health implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain his or her full health potential and, more reasonably, that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential. Based on this definition, the objective lens of policy for equity and health is not to eliminate all health differences so that everyone has the same level and quality of health, but rather to reduce or eliminate those which result from factors which are considered to be avoidable and unfair. To appreciate the importance of striving for equity in relation to health, it is necessary to be aware of upright how extensive are the differences in health found in the world today. In every part of the region, and in every type of political and kind system, differences in health have been noted between different social groups and between different geographical ar eas in the same country (Whitehead 2000). There is unvarying evidence that inequalities in health result in disadvantaged groups having poorer survival chances, suffering a heavier burden of illness, and sharing a similar pattern of base quality of life The poor health of the Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders is well known. Since the 1970s, mortality rates have been declining, but life expectancy has not changed and the recess between the Aboriginal population and the total Australian population has widened. This pattern contrasts with that of the Indigenous population of Canada where marked improvements in health have occurred. From that standpoint, this paper will discuss the important issues of health care inequalities that exist with the Aboriginals in Australia and compare them to those which subsist in the First Nations of Canada. POPULATION OF AUSTRALIAAustralians have among the risqueest life expectancy in the world and most have ready access to comprehe nsive health care of high quality. In the 1995 National Health Survey, 83% of Australians aged 15 or over reported their overall health as excellent, very good or good (ABS 1997). The average life expectancy in 2000 was high for both men and women being 76 years and 82 years respectively. In terms of disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE), Australia ranks in 2nd place afterwards 191 countries (WHO 2000). In 1998, males at birth could expect to live for 63.3 years without experiencing major disability and women could live for 57.

College Admissions Essay: A Higher Understanding of Science :: College Admissions Essays

Achieving a Higher Understanding of Science Surrounded by thousands of stars, thoroughgoing(a) silence, and impressive mountains, I stood atop the Colorado Mountain Peak awestruck by natures beauty. Immediately, I realized that I must dedicate my life to understanding the causes of the universes beauty. In addition, the hike taught me several valuable lessons that will allow me to increase my understanding through scientific research. Although the first few miles of the hike up the mountain did not offer fantastic views, the vistas became spectacular once I wage increaseed above tree line. Immediately, I sensed that understanding the natural world parallels climbing a mountain. To strike my goal of total comprehension of natural phenomena, I realized that I must begin with association that may be uninteresting by itself. However, this knowledge will form the foundation of an accurate view of the universe. Much like every step while hiking leads the hiker nearer the mountai n peak, all knowledge leads the scientist nearer total understanding. Above tree line, the barrenness and silence of the hike taught me that individuals must have their own direction. All hikers know that they must carry complete maps to reach their destinations they do not allow others to hold their maps for them. Similarly, surrounded only by mountaintops, sky, and silence, I recognized the need to remain individually focused on my lifes goal of understanding the physical universe. At the summit, the view of the surrounding mountain range is spectacular. The panorama offers a view of hills and smaller mountains. Some people during their lives climb many small hills. However, to have the most accurate view of the world, I must be dedicated to climbing the biggest mountains I can find. Too ofttimes people simply hike across a flat valley without ascending because they content themselves with the scenery. The mountain showed me that I cannot content myself with the scenery. When night fell upon the summit, I stared at the slowly appearing stars until they completely filled the night sky. Despite the windy conditions and below freezing temperatures, I could not tear myself away from the painful beauty of the cosmos. Similarly, despite the frustration and difficulties inherent in scientific study, I cannot retreat from my goal of universal understanding.

Urban Legend of the Goatman of Beltsville, Maryland :: Urban Legends Ghost Stories

Goatman of Beltsville, MarylandThe storyteller told the story of the Goatman from Beltsville story to me. On a summer night in 2005, she and her friend were driving back from a mall. Her friend took a shortcut home to Beltsville, Maryland by way of Callington road Bridge. While on this shortcut home, her friend stopped the car on the side of road and turned off the headlights. She proceeded to tell the interviewee the story of the Goatman, emphasizing its truthfulness the entire time. After she heard the story, the interviewee never drove across Callington Road Bridge again. The storyteller told me the story of the Goatman in a mutual friends dorm room at night. I had come to the dorm room to ask my friend if he knew any urban legends of ghost stories from around campus or the state of Maryland. The storyteller, a 21-year-old biology major, shouted excitedly from the couch that she knew one. She is from Beltsville, Maryland. Her mother is a lawyer and her father is a math p rofessor. My friend and I sit down on the couch and listened intently as she told the story The Goatman from Beltsville.In the 1970s, a crazy pay off did a genetic experiment. The doctor bred a rear with a human by fusing the two embryos. A baby was born half human and half goat. It had horns, really thick hair on its face, a tail, sharp teeth, and a temper. The deformed baby grew into a really gross guy. As Goatman grew older he became more and more violent until finally the doctor kicked him out. After that, the Goatman retreated into the timberland to live. He eats cats and dogs as his main source of food, and from time to time he eats humans walking exclusively at night along this one road commonly known as Goatman Hallow (Callington Road Bridge). Goatman is bloodthirsty, fearless, and always on the prowl. Sometimes he wanders into pots back yards and eats their pets. Owners will find their pets the next day with only the carcasses remaining. Kids are warned not to take the shortcut home through the forest because Goatman might eat them. One time a few kids took the shortcut home at night and this one kid fell behind.

The Colossal Decision to Deploy an Atomic Weapon: An Individuals Impact on Society :: Essays Papers

The Colossal Decision to Deploy an Atomic Weapon An Individuals Impact on SocietyNever before in recorded account has there been an event that has take so piecey lives in one instant. On the day of August 6, 1945 the first atomic device ever detonated was deployed on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. It is recorded that sixty percent of Hiroshima was destroyed in this offensive maneuver. Seventy-eight thousand human beings lost their lives at 815 a.m.1 The man directly responsible for this attack was the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman. While it is true that individuals are for the most part guinea pigs to society, there arises one bang exception to this rule the leaders of our modern age. The impact this certain individual had on society is inconceivable, and to fully understand Trumans decision to drop an atom washout on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we must understand the momentous forces driving him to this means to an end. There were umpteen different circumstances p ushing Truman to his decision to use this secret artillery unit against the Japanese. There were moral issues, military issues, and of course Truman and his closely-knit circle of advisors had to examine the impact of this use of atomic energy on the future of our planet. In the end, however, the opposing forces turn out slight enough for Truman to overrule. The first barrier to using a weapon of such destructive capabilities is personal morality. It would be very reasonable to think that it would be an impossibility for one person to authorize the destruction of so many others. This issue turned out to be one of small importance for Truman for many reasons. First, the American public had a moral advantage in that the Japanese bombed us first at Pearl Harbor. Also, as Truman himself stated, was either that or the atomic bomb, and I didnt hesitate a minute, and Ive never lost any sleep over it since.2 This indicates his main reason for not having any moral qualms with this bombing , the consequences if he didnt drop the bomb. The most important of these was the expected American casualties if we chose invasion over the bomb. However, if Truman new the greusome effects the deployment of this weapon would have upon the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagisaki, perhaps he would have hesitated. To chance what the effects of the a-bomb on the people and buildings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki click here.

The Colossal Decision to Deploy an Atomic Weapon: An Individuals Impact on Society :: Essays Papers

The Colossal Decision to Deploy an Atomic Weapon An Individuals Impact on SocietyNever before in recorded history has there been an event that has take so many lives in one instant. On the solar day of August 6, 1945 the prototypal atomic device ever detonated was deployed on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. It is recorded that sixty percent of Hiroshima was destroyed in this offensive maneuver. Seventy-eight cat valium human beings lost their lives at 815 a.m.1 The man directly responsible for this attack was the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman. While it is true that individuals atomic number 18 for the most part guinea pigs to fiat, there arises one striking exception to this rule the leaders of our modern age. The impact this certain individual had on society is inconceivable, and to fully understand Trumans decision to drop an atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we must understand the momentous forces driving him to this means to an end. There were many unal ike circumstances pushing Truman to his decision to use this secret weapon against the Japanese. There were moral issues, military issues, and of course Truman and his closely-knit circle of advisors had to examine the impact of this use of atomic energy on the future of our planet. In the end, however, the opposing forces proved slight enough for Truman to overrule. The first barrier to using a weapon of such deadly capabilities is personal morality. It would be very reasonable to think that it would be an impossibility for one person to authorize the destruction of so many others. This issue dark out to be one of small importance for Truman for many reasons. First, the American public had a moral advantage in that the Japanese bombed us first at Pearl Harbor. Also, as Truman himself stated, was either that or the atomic bomb, and I didnt hesitate a minute, and Ive never lost any sleep over it since.2 This indicates his main reason for not having any moral qualms with this bombi ng, the consequences if he didnt drop the bomb. The most important of these was the expected American casualties if we chose invasion over the bomb. However, if Truman new the greusome effects the deployment of this weapon would have upon the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagisaki, perhaps he would have hesitated. To see what the effects of the a-bomb on the people and buildings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki click here.

Professional Presence Essay

All nourishs need to strive for maintaining a professional appearance at exclusively times. spate will always judge nurses by their appearance. When it comes to nursing, a nurses appearance can either instill confidence in the patient or total mistrust.Part 1 Watch and AnalysisWas this individual professional? I think the individual in the image is a professional nurse. The nurse is dressed appropriately in a clean blue scrub. Her is hair short, neatly styled and out of her face.What made the individual professional? What makes her professional is dressing sprucely at work. She is personable, wears a smile on her face, which makes her approachable. She is caring and compassionate nurse, as she is in the bedside with her patient.Were there aspects stand fored that were not professional? I did not see anything in the picture that was not professional.Part 2 Personal Reflection and ConnectionWhat is the appropriate attire for an individual in your profession? All nurses in all sett ings should look neat and professional. Uniforms, lab coats, scrubs and shoes should be clean. School nurses wear business attire instead of scrubs. The attire usually is tailored pantsuits, presbyopic or short sleeves blouses, jackets or sweaters and conservative, closed-toed shoes.What makes someone professional in your field? Professionalism in nursing includes your attitude, your appearance and your willingness to help others. Nurses as professionals are expected to ostentation competent and skillful behaviors in alignment with their profession.What behavioral attributes do you practice that identify you as a professional? As a nurse I always put the needs of the patient first, above all else. According to White Nurses cannot lose sight of the fine art ofnursing which is caring (as cited in Nursezone, 2014). As a nurse I am always kind and compassionate towards others in our daily lives.What attributes, such as attire, communication skills, and presentation of self, do you pos sess that makes you professional? Showing up at work looking professional at all times. Clean clothes, net hair, clean shoes and a well groomed look making the statement that you care to the highest degree yourself as a person and therefore have the capacity to care about others. In nursing it is more than talking to a patient. Being a good listener especially to the needs of the patient is very important to cater the best possible care.ConclusionNurses represent the nursing profession at all times, whether at work or at play. If you conduct yourself professionally and present a professional demeanor, you will command the respect you deserved from your employer, your coworkers, your patient, families and community. If you look and act the role, your patient will have much more respect for you as a professional.

Idiolect: Drum Kit and Lebanese Roots

Though you might say that the way you speak is a very ain thing, and that you yield got your own idiolect, the way you speak is actually more determined by other people than by yourself. How has you idiolect been affected? Every atomic number 53s idiolect is influenced by legion(predicate) factors throughout their life, school, media, peers and many more. An idiolect is the way one speaks the vocabulary they use the speech pattern they have, the dialect they adopted. An idiolect is for one individual, it is unique, and no two people in the world have the exact same idiolect. My idiolect began to be affected and form the day I was subject to speak.My mother gave birth to me in Toronto, Canada. Therefore, being born in Toronto the emblematic Canadian evince was adopted straight away. Using words alike(p) aye and no problem in a discussion with friends was a habit, make up from a very early age. These words were adopted by hearing them in my school, friends and my cousin, who speaks in a semi-Canadian accent. Another major aspect that majorly affected the way I speak was my mother and father. Being born by Lebanese roots, closely people including my mother thought I would take up Arabic as my mother tongue, however it was English.Having this difference from my mother and father affected my idiolect the day I was born and still affects me today. My mother speaks Arabic and English, but her main expression is Arabic. Speaking English, from my perspective, was delinquent to be born in a non-Arab country. Saying Hello or Hi to a teacher in school rather of Salam was due to the majority of the country spoke English. Arabic became less useful living in Canada and English became necessary. One of the biggest factors that affected my idiolect was moving from Canada to Bahrain.Bahrain in some ways was closer to my Lebanese roots and in others very different. Moving to Bahrain, my mother put me in a British curriculum school. Therefore most teachers, studen ts and parents spoke in a British accent. This began to creep into my idiolect, after being surrounded by people speaking in a British accent I adopted and exchanged words in my idiolect. Using words like mate to refer to friend and using the very British No worries instead of the Canadian No problem when responding to somebody saying thank you when opening the door. My Canadian accent was weekend and a weak British accent was taken in.Another factor that affected my accent was my peers. At the ages of eight, nine and ten, my friends and peers began to use and adopt slang. Words like Hey bro to greet a friend in the morning and dude instead of calling them by there name at break, were used regularly. The reason why, at the time, I used slang was to effect(p) in, to feel part of a group and to be seen as cool. Of course at the time I didnt realize but these few words would affect my idiolect majorly. These words began to be used unconsciously, I stopped using the to seem cool and I began to use it for another reason.Words like brosef when talking to my best friend in city centre and chill when telling him to relax and calm down a round of golf being late press release home. These words aloud me to make a brotherly bond with friends, it aloud it and me to seem close allowed me to judge a situation and affect it with using that a word or phrase. It allowed my friends to seem included and part of a group. However at the same time, I realized slang could only be used in situations that it seems appropriate, and once again this affected my idiolect in different situations. I realized that slang could only be used in nominally and when it is approved.For modeling greeting Mr. Wilson, I would usually say Good morning sir instead of the slang phrase Hey bro. This is because Mr. Wilson and I are on unfamiliar terms and (in the situation) Mr. Wilson is in a high and more powerful position than I. Therefore I address in a formal and respectful way. Good morning show s the formal greeting and sir shows I want to respect him. Another factor that affected my idiolect was when I began to play drums. At the age of 10, I began to play the drum set and found a particular passion and interest for music.This is when my semantic field on drums began, words like Aux snare and Splash entered my idiolect. The reason why I began to build a semantic field on drumming and music was due to the interest and need for it. It would be very difficult to buy a drum from a drum shop without a semantic field. Another use for a semantic field on drums was to allow me to be able to be taught drums, being able to understand the teacher easy and understand everything he said made it very easy to be taught and progress my skills in drumming.An example of this is when I went to a drum shop and attempted to buy a drum. On entering I asked the shopkeeper, Hi, I was wondering do you have an Aux snare 13. 5 inch and if you could find am Evans blackhead for it that would be great . The shop keeper replied by saying okay umm, well we got a median(prenominal) 13. 5 not aux but if you use a key to really put crack on it itll sound the same and yah we got a Blackhead for it. In this scenario it would be near to impossible to explain what I need and understand what he said.The beautiful thing about having a semantic field on drums is I am able to use it worldwide because it is understood worldwide. Another moment that my idiolect changes is when I begin to change register. I use a higher register when speaking formally, especially when speaking to strangers. For example, when asking for directions in Awali, I used a much higher register then I was with my friend, who was in the car with me. Excuse me sir, would u mind if you could direct in the right direction to Riffa Views? Using excuse me showed I wanted to be polite, this is because I am the stranger and I are on unfamiliar terms. This is a very big contrast to the sentence I used before with my friend. D ude, were lost, what bout we ask for directions, he seems cool. This is showing my low register I used with my friend, I can use low register since it is not a formal event, and he knows me very well. Another aspect that affected my idiolect is when I began code switching. I code switch between mainly English and Arabic, this is due to my Lebanese roots, in Lebanon and to Lebanese it is natural and normal sentence.I code switch a lot with my mother. For example when I was asking her if I could go to my friends. Keefeek mama, feae rooh to Alexs for the day? My sentence began in Arabic and ended in English. Code switching allows me to have a bond with somebody. It makes the conversation more tight and allows to people to have a bond between one another. Using code switching with my mom, I use the beginning in Arabic since it is a very cheerful way to greet her and allow her to feel more close to her Lebanese roots.Ending it in English makes it feel more to the point and it shows tha t I was not looking for a conversation and only to ask her a question. In conclusion, my idiolect has been affected by eight main factors. Each one affecting my idiolect and molding it into what it is today. Each one affecting it in a different way and each one having a different impact, these points have shown that even if your idiolect is your own, factors out of your control have affected it and shaped it. Therefore your idiolect is determined more by other people then by yourself.

How to Govern Effectively In a Corrupt Society Essay

Corruption can be simply defined as an stand for of dishonesty for the sole purpose of personal gain or selfish interest. It invariably means dishonest exploitations and manipulation of power for personal gains. Again, it means an felonious act of manipulation or depravity of clobber, power etc for ones selfish interest. To divorce the third world countries from corruption is literally a Herculean task. In as much as corruption, a great social vice, is non only found in third world countries, it is quite peculiar and most key in these nations.It afflicts all nations with bad drawing cards, which eventually spreads to other citizens. In any government, be it democratically elected or otherwise, it is almost impossible not to leave at least a single corrupt individual in the ruling government. Corruption is a vicious circle, it inhibits development in nations, and thus bestowing such nation a third world country features. There are several types of corruption, which embroil Br ibery dirty collection of money or material before doing ones official duty Graft illicit and illegal request of things by existence office holders.Patronage misuse of habitual position. Embezzlement misappropriation and mismanagement of fund Kickbacks nvolvement in organized crime etc. Other type of corruption apart from and governmental corruption include Corporate corruption, as the abuse of power by corporate managers against the shareholders or consumers. Causes of Corruption include i. Lack of transparency in the government when the governments activities are not easily accessible by the general open, the government tend to mismanage the publics fund and also indulge in all severalize of corrupt practices. ii.Bad leaders Corruption leaders do not only embezzle, them also do all sort immoral acts while in government. iii. Masses lack of interest in the government when the general public is not charismatic and is not particular in electing good leaders in to government, it results in corruption. iv. Irresponsive government when government do not have programs that take care of the welfare and economic affairs of it citizen, citizen tend to take care of themselves in all sort of ways both fraudulent and corrupt ways. v. Weak accountability, lack of timely financial management.vi. Poverty in a society where scantness is vast, the masses tend to indulge in corruption to improve their finances. However, Political corruption is the most severe type of corruption for it affects not only the political system, it affects the entire economy of the nation. The Economic effects include In the government, corruption undermines both economic and social development by creating distortions, extortion of the masses and inefficiency in the public office. It also brings about nepotism, which kills creativity and a value of self achievement.In the private sector, corruption simply increases the cost of production through the price of illegal payments and the managemen t cost of negotiating with officials. It also leads to breached agreements, distrust and inflation. In several cases, the masses are the victims of corruption, it results into economic distortions in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Again, tax payers money are diverted into private use by corrupt leaders. Social amenities are either not provided or the few available are not maintained.Public Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to moderate or pave way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government. Types of leaders that could handle Corruptions The leaders that should be elected to tackle corruption are leaders which are well vast in democratic process. The y should be well educated both in the history of their people and the development of democracy in the western world.To take a lean from the philosophers, a true ruler must highly intelligent, learned and well expose to democratic precedents. Again such leaders should be contentious, level headed, paragon fearing, incorrigible and most especially must be ready pursue democratic due process in all cases. A patriotic leader would not want his/her nation to be backward, hence would fight all corrupts advances proffered towards the development of the nation. Reference Dipo Irele, Corruption the evil against development. University press,Oyo state,Nigeria. 2002

Leadership Traits

Although investigate has shown that the presence of specific indications alone do non hear successful leading, it has been proven that successful historical attracters share certain key traits. According to Shelley Kirkpatrick and Edwin Locke, leaders do not have to be peachy men or women by being intellectual geniuses or omniscient prophets to succeed, but they do need to have the right stuff and this stuff is not equ all toldy present in all people (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991, p. 12). Despite the many contr everywheresial discussions on whether leaders are born or made, the fact that legal leaders possess key traits remains undisputed.Some of the various traits that have an impact on effective leadership are discussed in detail below. Ability to learn Most people listen actively to only a small percent of what is being said because people speak at a very much slower rate than what they are able to hear. Therefore, active listening leases concentration and attentiveness to the speaker. Effective listening involves three important elements (Greenberg, 2010, p. 241) * Being nonjudgmental speckle pickings in information from others. * Acknowledging speakers in ways that encourage them to continue speaking. Attempting to advance a speakers ideas to the next step. Listening is an important trait that underlies all leadership skills. It is the key to excogitateing and maintaining relationships, decision making and problem solving (Rynders, 1999, p. 5).Gregory Rynders conducted a study on the relationship between listening and leadership. Although the research did not confirm if leaders naturally possessed superior listening abilities or if they just work harder at it, the results did confirm there is a imperious relationship between successful leadership and effective listening skills (Rynders, 1999, p. ). Ability to Manage Some believe you can either be a four-in-hand or a leader, but you cant be both. Although the functions of a leader and a manage r differ, management skills are a subset of leadership skills (Shead, 2010). precaution and leadership are not separate functions. They cannot exist apart from each other. Management, it appears, is about controlling an existing system, art object leadership is about invention and adaptation. (Kaplan, 1994) A good leader mustiness have the ability to manage and at same conviction distance oneself from managing when it is not appropriate to do so.Managing typically involves the dilate of running the day to day operations of the business. In this case, it would be inappropriate for the leader to get touch on in tasks that should be delegated. However, leaders who do not possess the ability to manage lack the friendship unavoidable to suffer effective decisions to lead the organization in the right direction. Balance There is an aged saying, Too much of a good thing can be bad. Water is essential to the survival of the human body and a lack of weewee intake can result in de hydration causing serious health conditions.However, too much water can result in over hydration causing hyponatremia or intoxication. Balance is important in many areas of life and is a key trait in being a successful leader. scientific advances, economic changes, company dynamics and pressing deadlines create a difficult environment for practicing balance. Linking organizational, departmental and individual goals to the mission of the company is important. Yet balance is required to allow interpretation and innovation of the goals in suppose to gain commitment and enthusiasm from employees.Reward systems initiate creativity and motivation. However, if the correlation between rewards and individual actions is too specific, it whitethorn impede individuals from taking actions that lead to innovation. Time pressure is another key matter that requires balance. Lack of time pressures may result in declining productivity while excessive time pressure restraints may stifle creativity and growth (Greenberg, 2010, pp. 361-362). Leaders must have the ability to maintain balance in crop to achieve optimal results. Relating to GroupsIn recent years, more and more companies are adopting a team found work system and successful implementation has been linked to leadership (Murry, Avolio, & Jung, 2002). Relating to groups requires a varied approach than that of traditional leadership. In many of todays organizations, where teams predominate, leaders are called upon to provide special resources to team members, who are charge to implement their own missions in their own ways (Greenberg, 2010, p. 330). Leaders must understand team dynamics in order to lead the various groups that make up the organization.Decision Making Process According to management experts, decision making is one of the most critical and common job functions of executive leaders (Mintzberg, 1988). race make a number of decisions every day however decisions made at the senior level may have a far great impact on the organization. A general model describes the steps of the decision making process as follows identify the problem, define objectives, make a pre-decision, vex alternatives, evaluate alternative solutions, make a choice, implement the chosen alternative, and follow-up (Greenberg, 2010, pp. 83-284). Leaders are typically responsible for making non-programmed decisions. Therefore, they must rely on prior interpret, information available and reliable sources to make decisions. In order for a leader to possess the trait of superior decision making ability, they must understand each of these steps and use them to evaluate the effectiveness of their decisions. Understanding Change Change is essential to the growth and expansion of organizations. People are creatures of function and not always accepting of change.Learning organizations have developed the capableness to adapt to continuously changing conditions through setting aside old ways of thinking, freely sharing ideas, and working together (Greenberg, 2010, p. 417). The greatest results are derived from changes that are strategically planned and systematically implemented. Organizational development is a set of social lore techniques designed to plan and implement change in work settings for purposes of enhancing the personal development of individuals and improving the effectiveness of organizational function (Greenberg, 2010, p. 17). The implementation dip refers to both problems associated with change the social-psychological fear of change and the lack of technical skills required for successful implementation. Leaders who understand change still have an urgent sense of lesson purpose and measure success in terms of results, but they do things that are more likely get the organization dismission and keep it going (Fullan, 2001). Charisma Charisma is defined as a personal magic of leadership arousing special popular loyalty or enthusiasm for a existence figure (Encyclopedia Britan nica, Inc. , 1981, p. 377).A leaders possession of charisma is base on the perceptual experience of their followers and may change due to actions and circumstances. Just as presidential approval ratings could change drastically from one day to the next based on the latest news and events. Charisma alone may not hold back successful leadership but it could mean the difference between an average leader and a great leader. A person may exhibit all the traits of a successful leader and propel the organization forward through market share dominance and financial growth and at the same time he may be coverd by his employees and community as a terrible leader.Charismatic leaders inspire enthusiasm and loyalty by amiable followers through personal connection. Transformational leaders like Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and President John F. Kennedy were known for their charismatic qualities that inspired others to follow them, often in a highly emotional manner (Greenberg, 2010, p. 31 6). Charisma is a key leadership trait because it emphasizes the importance of focusing on the viewpoint of the employees and the community. Drive Drive consists of the rely for achievement, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative (Greenberg, 2010, p. 14). High achievers obtain satisfaction from successfull completing challenging tasks, attaining standards of excellence, and developing better ways of doing things (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991, p. 2).Individuals that desire higher standards of excellence are more likely to succeed in a leadership role. They typically have a can do attitude and are willing to complete the necessary tasks to achieve positive results despite the challenge. Leaders with high levels of initiative are proactive. They make choices and take action that leads to change instead of just reacting to events or wait for things to happen (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991, p. 4). In our technologically advanced society, it is very easy to operate in a reactive mode, add ressing issues as they arise. Great leaders have a natural drive to seek out challenges and proactively identify opportunities for improvement. These same qualities, however, may result in a manager who tries to accomplish everything alone, thereby failing to develop subordinate commitment and responsibility.Effective leaders must not only be full of drive and ambition, they must lack to lead others (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991, p. 5). Self-confidence In order for leaders to gain commitment from their followers, self-confidence is a necessity. A person riddled with self-doubt would never be able to take the necessary actions nor controller the respect of others (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991, p. 7). Self-confidence has been uniquely recognized as a necessary trait of effective or emergent leaders in many different studies written since 1948 (Judge, Ilies, Bono, & Gerhardt, 2002, p. ). Self-confidence is an indicator of emotional stability and self-esteem. Followers desire a sense of sta bility and assurance in their leaders capacity to take charge in any given circumstance. Many times leaders have to be willing to take risks and make quick decisions that require commitment from others. Doing so requires confidence in their skills and abilities and others must be able to sense their confidence in order to commit to the decision and take action. righteousness Integrity authority doing the right thing for the right reason, regardless of who is watching.A leader of integrity is a leader people can trust. Integrity also means conducting business in an ethical manner because integrity requires honesty. Integrity is essential to effective leadership since people value trust and fair treatment. People want to know their leader will stand behind their word and do what they proclaim. Honesty is absolutely essential to leadership. After all, if we are willing to follow someone, whether it be into battle or into the boardroom, we first want to assure ourselves that the perso n is worthy of our trust.We want to know that he or she is being truthful, ethical, and principled. We want to be fully confident in the integrity of our leaders. (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991, p. 7) Leadership Theories Leadership is an intricate process that entails developing and maintaining complex social relationships. Over the years, many have studied leadership approaches and styles in an effort to determine the most effective. Several leadership theories have formed out of these studies, cardinal of which are contingency theories discussed below.A contingency theory is a belief that leadership is influenced by the characteristics of the individuals involved and the nature of the situations they face (Greenberg, 2010, p. 322). Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory The situational leadership theory was developed by Paul Hersey, a professor who wrote the book Situational Leader and Ken Blanchard, author of The One Minute Manager. The theory was originally introduced as The Life-Cycle Theory of Leadership and was renamed Situational Leadership Theory in the mid(prenominal) 1970s when they developed their own models (Hersey & Blanchard, 1969).The situational leadership theory is based on adapting your leadership style to the maturity of the individual or group you are attempting to influence. It is based on the fact that each person differs in their capabilities and capacity to set goals, their willingness and ability to take responsibility, and level of education and experience. Hersey and Blanchard characterized leadership styles into four behavior types telling, selling, participating, and delegating. verbalize (S1) is the act of identifying the roles of the individual or group and providing specific avenues of how to accomplish the specified task.Selling (S2) is the act of identifying the roles of the individual or group and providing two-way communication so as to allow the individual or group being influenced to commit to the process. Partici pating (S3) encompasses shared decision making allowing the individual or group to be a part of the identification of the task and the process. Delegating (S4) provides the individual or group with the authority to make decisions about the process while the leader remains involved as a monitor of the activities taking place. (Hersey & Blanchard, 1969) Hersey and Blanchards model also identifies four levels of maturity.Level one is when the participants lack the skills for the job and are either unable or unwilling to accept responsibility for the task. Level two is when the participants are willing to provide effort to complete the task but lack the skills or the knowledge required. Level three is when the participants are willing to provide the effort and have the skills or knowledge required but lack the confidence to take on the responsibility. Level four is when the participants are willing to provide the effort and have the skills or knowledge required and are confident and wil ling to accept the responsibility. (Hersey & Blanchard, 1969)Hersey and Blanchard mention the importance of communicating your leadership approach to your employees. If you make a good diagnosis and provide the leadership style needed but fail to extend your approach, your employees may become untrusting. Therefore it is important to implement your approach with your employees rather than to your employees in order to create a cohesive environment. (Hersey & Blanchard, 1969) The idea is to adapt your leadership behavior to that of your employees. By identifying the maturity level of your employees and adapting your leadership behavior, you can become a more effective leader.Path-Goal Theory The path-goal is a contingency theory based on the principle that subordinates will react favorably to leaders who are perceived as helping them make progress toward various goals by clarify the paths to such rewards (Greenberg, 2010, p. 325). This theory emphasizes the importance of the way t he leader helps to clarify, communicate and reduce or eliminate obstacles so as to create a positive perception that will result in increased effort and high-quality performance from the subordinate (Greenberg, 2010, p. 325).In essence, people will work to achieve the goal if they believe they are capable, and if they perceive the goal to be worthwhile. The path-goal theory suggests four basic leadership styles instrumental, supportive, participative, and achievement orient. Instrumental also known as directive is when the leader identifies the task and specifically defines the process to be followed. This approach has a positive effect when the tasks are ambiguous and essentially gratifying (House & Mitchell, 1974). The supportive leadership style is centered on building relationships with employees and showing concern for their sychological well-being. This style is effective when the tasks are emotionally taxing and physically draining (House & Mitchell, 1974). The participative leadership style is the based upon the belief that two or more minds are better than one and engaging employees in the decision making process produces higher levels of commitment.The level of participation may spay based on the style of leadership used and the style may change based on the type of decision being made. The achievement oriented leadership style focuses on setting challenging goals with confidence in subordinates seeking to improve performance (Greenberg, 2010, p. 25). This style has been proven most effective in highly technical roles. The style of leadership that should be selected depends on the individual situation and several characteristics of subordinates should be considered. The theory suggests that several aspects of the work environment foregather a role and best results are achieved when tasks are unstructured. In a routine and structured work environment, employees may become resentful of the path-goal approach perceiving the leader as intrusive (Green berg, 2010, p. 327). Application of Analysis to Leadership EnvironmentLeaders of all industries may take advantage of the study and application of leadership traits and theories. Practical application would returns a general manager of a full-service hotel in the hospitality industry. A general manager is a leader to many different employees with various levels of education, experience and skills. In addition, the employees maturity levels vary and some are more willing than others to take initiative to expand their skills and abilities. The two contingency theories mentioned provide leaders with facultative styles that can be adapted to individual employees to achieve optimal productivity.For instance, a new housekeeper may initially require the telling style of the situational leadership theory. They may appreciate clear guidelines that outline the process of cleaning a room. However, after the training period the employee may exhibit high levels of maturity by taking initiative and offering new ideas. In this case, employee engagement and commitment can be achieved by shifting to the participating leadership style. This can be arrant(a) through encouraging feedback and empowering the employee to implement new ideas.The sales team of a hotel operates most efficiently in a creative environment that promotes open forums for cogitate and networking. The path-goal theory encourages a participative leadership style effective in sales positions because it encourages feedback and a personal commitment to the goals. The ability to listen and relating to groups are valuable traits when working with a sales team. Active listening ensures the employees understand the goals of the organization. Relating to the group allows the leader to provide the support and resources needed to achieve the goals.

Personal Imaginitive Coursework

I trekked slowly across scorching sands the beach was sheer and inert, the searing sun too much for most, who took refuge in the shade. My mouth parched and dry, I licked my lips my sweat tasted too salty. I dragged my un ordaining limbs further along. In the background I could hear weary birds groaning under the sun,s ruthless blaze, they seemed to be circling me slowly, waiting to pounce.The vast, clear waters seemed lifeless, there were no amiable waves there were not even clear ripples. The ever present fish had decided to seek safe haven in the oceans limitless shelters. I mat up alone, secluded and dejected. I gently closed my eyes Where was it? Would she be there? Was I late? These questions overwhelmed me. I quickly opened my eyes.In the distance stood a very sm any and trivial hut, I could barely make out any significant detail, however I knew it was where I needed to be. I started walking, with a new appoint energy, towards it ignoring the surroundings. The hot and heav y sand baked my bare feet subsequently causing me great pain. The humid and muggy air caused my eyes to water as I focused all my attention on the hut.As I got closer to the hut I could make out its finer details it seemed a knock about old construction with little in terms of modern architecture. The substandard paint that covered its cheap bricks was peeling at the far edges. The decayed wooden panels had lost their pristine newness long ago and had now become antiques that belonged in a museum of a desolate town. The oceans rage was reflected in its rotting foundations. The hut had seen it all over the decades.She was already there and I was late. On viewing the fetid diving suits I was shocked. The suit was muddy and grimy. Its surface was no- monthlong new it was instead coat in a thick layer of mire that had partially dried making the suit rigid. Reluctantly I put it on. Its tough fabric caused my splutter to itch frantically. I ignored all of this as much as I could by focu sing my persuasions elsewhere.For what seemed like an eternity I had played with the thought of being deep underwater Would I feel crushed under the weight of the ocean? Would I run out of oxygen and suffer an hurt death? I had my questions and I was soon going to palpate out the answers to them.The old engine roared deafeningly behind us as we travelled out to sea. I could feel its uneven vibrations running through me, adding to the nervousness I was keeping concealed inside. The beach was a distant memory and the heat no longer seemed to exist. I looked over at my diving partner. I could tell from the look in her eyes that she was as anxious as I was.We stopped in the middle of a vast ocean, the coast was no longer visible we were alone. The suns powerful reflection dazzled all around us. We put on our gape and set up our tanks. As soon as we had done this we positioned ourselves on the edge of the boat. I closed my eyes, ready, and dropped into the blue world beneath.It was l ike going to quietness and waking up in a surreal dream. It can only be described as illusory. I felt completely different my integral body felt tranquil, sharing a unity with the ocean. I followed her deeper and deeper into the oceans depths every thing I saw was new to me. I saw a alter of sapphire coloured fish swimming by swiftly beneath me. Their presence created a gap in my mind I wanted to find out more about the ocean and its colourful inhabitants.After several more minutes of diving down we reached the bed. It was littered with coral. A diver will never find two corals exactly alike. It is in this mysterious and irregular aura which makes coral of significant beauty. It was very difficult to examine what was amongst the coral as light was partially absent there. The sand on the bed was in a wave-like pattern. Around me there were various fish swimming around almost purposefully, fish were appearing and disappearing every few seconds. There appeared to be small dwellings where groups of fish congregated amongst themselves. It seemed as if the fish had their own society, distant from the human world.I felt a gentle palm rest on my shoulder. She was pointing apologetically to the surface. It was clear that neither of us wanted to leave. We rose much quicker than we had descended the oceans upwardly thrust almost throwing us out of its territory. As we approached the surface, I felt as if I had got to known the ocean and appreciate its hidden wonders. We surfaced and climbed onto the boat. I felt sad as if I had left a part of me behind.

People Whose Native Language Is Not English

People whose native-born lecture is not incline, but who wish to decide English as a second language, must learn English as a new language, as a skill, as an additional means of communication. They have to learn how to feel out strange words, and which syllables to emphasise, and what rhythms and tonal pitches should be used. But people whose mother tongue is English do not have to go to school to learn these things, they learn it automatically, from their parents, their relatives, their friends and from everyday life.For example, they do not have to learn the grammar structure, or the various forms for past, present and future tenses they just acquire that ability subconsciously and instinctively, from sheer exposure to the language they do not consciously be the rules of grammar, and they probably could not even explain them. By the age of three, or maybe even earlier, they just automatically know what words to use in many situation and what form those words should take.Howev er, later, as part of their formal educational training, they will have English lessons at school, along with other subjects such as Geography and History and Mathematics etc. They may be given writing practice, and the opportunities to read literature that will boom their communication and erudition skills. They will be encouraged to read and write stories and poetry, and will be given opportunities to become more and more familiar with their native tongue and how it is used in different ways to communicate information and ideas. They do not need to learn to understand the English language.They can already do that, but by doing English as a school subject, they will expand their vocabulary discover alternative, and maybe better, ways to express themselves. In doing so, any low mistakes in their English will be corrected along the way. ) SUMMARY Those who are learning English as a second language are learning it as an entirely new language. It is not easy to do this, but well wor th the effort. Native-English speakers do not have to learn English, they already know English But, by learning English as a school subject, their natural English is enhanced and developed.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Paper Essay

largely Accepted Accounting PrinciplesIn a world of finance, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles seem to play a huge role. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or generally accepted accounting principles, is defined as the set of guidelines and rules which the financial firms adhere in their work. GAAP is useful due to the nature of being able to standardize the methods for the organizations to follow, and it establishes consistency from year to year in documents such as financial statements (Cleverly, striving & Cleverly, 2011). Health deal is inevitably a business like whatsoever early(a) according to the authors, and such healthcare organizations are sure to benefit from GAAP. Cleverly et al (2011), attempts to con the reader the five of the principles in their work. They are as follows Accounting Entity, Money Measurement, wave-particle wave-particle duality, Cost Valuation, and persistent financial Unit. To apply these essential principles to healthcare organi zational settings, it is important to study how each of the principles are defined.Principle 1 Accounting EntityIt is stated that accounting entity is an organization which is involved in economic activities with own assets and resourcefulnesss which should be accounted (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). The authors also state that if the definition is non properly determined, evaluations might become even useless and misleading. sound entity and accounting entity are contrastive. This means that sometimes it is not apparent for the firms define the accounting entity, as other groups such as universities and government might be involved with the organization as well. Cleverly et al (2011) gives a great example of what could happen if not all aspects are accounted for. In healthcare organizations, the caprice of fringe benefits such as bonus wages being paid in municipal al-Qaida might not be visible to the infirmarys accounts. This could possibly form understatement of the exp enses, which could affect the finances of the hospital as a whole.Principle 2 Money MeasurementMeasurement of money is not an easy task in a business setting. There areresources essential for running a business and other economic obligations the business has to provide and meet. This could be applied in the same federal agency for healthcare organizations. Assets are usually greater than the liabilities (Cleverly et al, 2011). Liabilities are resources from another entity such as bank loans. With the front of liabilities, owners interests are gained to the entity which provided the loans. When the firms take these elements into account, they should acquire a general idea of the accounting entitys assets and how they are utilized. When the liabilities are unpaid, then the lenders would then make the equity claims, unless the organization was a non-for profit healthcare organization. There are no equity claims for non-profit HCOs, and they just becomes the property of the state (Cle verly et al, 2011).Principle 3 DualityDuality is defined as a simple equation. Assets of the business should equal the liabilities owed plus the loot assets. Liabilities and net assets are always counted as assets. It is state that a satisfying number of HCOs use this principle with different transactions with lenders. Individual asset, liability and net asset always equals the same amount through the duality principle(Cleverly et al, 2011).Principle 4 Cost ValuationThis principle is used to estimate the value of the business. It involves historical cost, substitute value, and the market value. Although the asset is considered equal to the liabilities and the net assets, its market value is a different story. If the cost of investing is more than the return, interventions need to be made to either sell the assets or continue operation with resource cuts in the operation. Replacement cost would play a huge role in a hospital where the new and better information technologies are b eing developed constantly. It is likely for the hospital a significant more money to replace the current technology being used and inflation.Principle 5 Stable Monetary unitAccording to the authors Celverly et al (2011), stable monetary unit is the generalized value of a dollar whether it was now or then. For example, the dollar from 2000 would be considered the same value as the current dollar. This however, could cause problems due to inflation. Healthcareorganizations could put themselves at significant cash deficit if the management does that put the inflation into account. Healthcare whether it is for profit or not, is still considered a business. Although non-profit HCOs are different at times, the HCOs still regard resources, and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles assists the HCOs to stay consistent and allows the managements to see the assets as a whole.ReferencesCleverly, W. O., Song, P. H., & Cleverly, J. O. (2011). Essentials of health care finance (7th ed.). Sudb ury, MA Jones and Bartlett Learning..

Cultural Diversity in Afghanistan Essay

Afghanistan is an Islamic country. It is divided into different regions where people manifest their own culture and beliefs. Though Afghans stop in same country yet they practiced different cultures because of their regions location and tradition. What is applied to a received region of Afghanistan may not be applicable to the other regions of the country. This would only show that on that point is a cultural diversity amongst regions of Afghanistan. Moreover, Afghanistan is located in south-central Asia. The encyclopedia of Islam stated thatAfghanistan has borne that name only since the midriff of the 18th century, when the supremacy of the Afghan race (Pashtuns) became assured previously various districts bore distinct appellations, just now the country was not a definite political unit, and its component parts were not bound unitedly by any identity of race or language. The earlier meaning of the word was simply the soil of the Afghans, a limited territory which did not inc lude many parts of the present state exactly did comprise large districts now either independent or within the boundary of Pakistan (see Afghanistan.Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. November 15, 2006). The Federal part of the country is border by the Soviet Union and on the northeast it is bordered by China and Kashmir, on the west side is bordered by Iran and on the east and south it is bordered by Pakistan. Every citizen of the country is called as Afghan though the country is composed of various ethnic groups. One of these ethnic groups is the Pashtun (it is also be spelled as Pakhtun, Pathan, Pushtun, and Pukhtun) which makes up about 60 percent of the population.They be from the Caucasian origin and dwelt in Afghanistan in not less than 1, 3000 year. Normally, they be recognized and acknowledged as the true Afghans. Pashtuns are separated into numerous tribes and sub-tribes, followed an ancient code of conduct called as Pashtunwali. The second nigh popu new-fangledd gr oup is the Tajik, who were also come from the Caucasian origin (see Afghanistan. New Standard Encyclopedia. Volume 1, Pp. A-91, A-93, 94). The use of this paper is to describe the different cultures in Afghanistan.II. Discussion As I have mentioned earlier, there are two ethnic groups who dwelt in Afghanistan. These groups practiced different cultures. Moreover, different cultures are practiced in Afghanistan because there are numerous ethnic groups that are smaller in number who are scattered passim the country. Nuristanis is another ethnic group of Afghnistan. They d well(p) in the secluded mountains of the northeast of Kabul, near the Pakistan border. The Nuristanis claimed that they are the posterity of Alexander the Great.Before they were converted into Islam, Nuristanis had statue of wooden idols and ancestral images sculpted by them and these are well-preserved in the Kabul Museum. Several of these were possibly used to venerate dead ancestors and used in healing rituals o r ceremonials (see Other Minority pagan Groups in Afghanistan. 2002). Moreover, life in the Afghan home is upholding high set because they really defined the roles of the men and women. These roles are very different from any culture around the world.The womens lives only revolve in their home and to their children thus, this practice is in line with their Muslim beliefs. Starting from late 1950s, the urban women who belonged in a well-off family were allowed to find their work far from their homeland and had opportunity to remove on higher education. But these privileges were not enjoyed by all women because women who dwelt in the rural areas or amongst mobile tribes are not given these opportunities. Everyday, Afghan women supply their families with two meals, together with snacks.Their traditional meals are pilau which has meat or vegetables, poultry or wild game kebabas, mutton, yogurt, hot soup and nan which a flat bread. In addition, Afghan has different ways when they en gage in marriage. A man and a woman are united in marriage through an agreement made by both parents by settling financial commitments or also called as the marketplace or dowry. In their culture, marriage is considered as a deal between families not just by individuals and it includes financial commitments on both families. The groom will give a dowry to the family of the bride.The dowry comprises of decorative and functional items that are necessary for establishing a household. It comprises goods like beddings, utensils, clothing, jewelry, fans and hangings. The men who attend the weddings are given presents like embroidered handkerchiefs or toque caps. The process in assembling a dowry involves a long period of time and a good deal effort and it is usually started while the girl is still young. The relatives of the females help in the wedding preparations (see Afghanistan). III. Conclusion Truly, the cultures in Afghanistan are one of a kind.Afghan women are just like precious stones because they are well taken care by their parents. During in their younger years, parents set an arrange marriage for their daughter and take aim for a dowry to the males side. References 1. Afghanistan. New Standard Encyclopedia. Volume 1, Pp. A-91, A-93, 94. 2. Other Minority Ethnic Groups in Afghanistan. 2002. http//www. afghan- network. net/Ethnic-Groups/other-groups. html 3. Afghanistan. http//146. 186. 95. 23/mat_mus/Tour/t_afghan. htm 4. Afghanistan. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. November 15, 2006. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Afghanistan_note-4

Disparity and Discrimination Essay

Discrimination and dissimilarity both play a role in the American criminal justice dust. Many people confuse the two words whereas they have unlike meanings. We will therefore study the definitions of discrimination and disparity in the justice system and explain the residual between the two terms. We will conclude by giving one example from some some other atomic number 18a of life. According to the dictionary, disparity is defined as the condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree . In the criminal justice system, disparity consists of legal and extralegal factors.On the one hand, the legal factor provides legitimate base explanations for the decisions on the man-to-mans criminal doings and criminal record. It includes seriousness of the offense and prior criminal record. On the other hand, the extralegal factor includes lifestyle, gender, race, class, which argon not legitimate reasons to base decisions on. The Commission on Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the whitlow Justice System, August 20 2010 reported that, in the United States, African Americans are incarcerated at more(prenominal) than six times the rate of Whites and Hispanics more than double the rate of Whites this is an example of disparity.Disparity can be explained by economic inequality or residential segregation. In all cases, disparity refers to a oddment but one does not always involve discrimination. Discrimination, on the contrary, is a difference based on assortedial treatment of groups without reference to an individuals behavior or qualifications according to the Commission. Discrimination consists of intravenous feeding types such as institutionalized, systematic, contextual and individual act of discrimination.Institutionalized discrimination involves racial disparities in outcomes that issue from established policies, systematic discrimination refers to the type of discrimination that occurs at all levels of a social system including the criminal justic e system, contextual discrimination involves discrimination in certain situations or contexts and at last individual discrimination results from discriminate treatment of disadvantaged or minority group members by an individual most frequently acting alone according to Investigating Difference.In comparison, disparity and discrimination are similar because they both influence the decision-making of a sentence or the assumption that someone is guilty. However, they are different disparity can lead to discrimination and discrimination can lead to disparity. We encounter discrimination and disparity outside of the criminal justice system, in the workplace for instance. Indeed, a white people is less possible to face unemployment than other minorities. The reason may be, partially, employment discrimination, that is to say that some people would prefer contract a less qualified White man than a more qualified Black or Hispanic man.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-four

SansaHe wouldnt send Ser Loras, Sansa t grey Jeyne Poole that night as they sha ruddy a cold supper by lamplight. I think it was because of his leg. headmaster Eddard had fasten onn his supper in his bedchamber with Alyn, Harwin, and Vayon Poole, the better to rest his broken leg, and Septa Mordane had complained of sore feet after standing in the g bothery all day. Arya was conjectural to join them, but she was late coming back from her bound lesson.His leg? Jeyne said uncertainly. She was a pretty, black-hai vehement girl of Sansas avouch age. Did Ser Loras hurt his leg?Not his leg, Sansa said, nibbling delicately at a chicken leg. beginners leg, dotty. It hurts him incessantly so oftentimes, it makes him cross. Otherwise Im certain he would experience sent Ser Loras.Her fathers decision still bewildered her. When the nickname of Flowers had spoken up, shed been sure she was about to see virtuoso of Old Nans stories come to life. Ser Gregor was the monster and Ser Loras the true hitman who would slay him. He even formulationed a true hero, so slim and resplendent, with golden roses around his lissom waist and his rich brown hair tumbling down into his eyeball. And then Father had refused him It had upset her more(prenominal) than she could tell. She had said as much to Septa Mordane as they descended the stairs from the gallery, but the septa had only told her it was not her place to misgiving her lord fathers decisions.That was when master copy Baelish had said, Oh, I dont spot, Septa. Some of her lord fathers decisions could do with a bit of questioning. The young skirt is as wise as she is harming. He do a sweeping bow to Sansa, so wooden-headed she was not quite sure if she was being complimented or mocked.Septa Mordane had been very upset to realize that Lord Baelish had everywhereheard them. The girl was middling clacking, my lord, shed said. Foolish chatter. She meant nothing by the comment.Lord Baelish stroked his little po inted beard and said, Nothing? Tell me, child, why would you pick up sent Ser Loras?Sansa had no choice but to explain about heroes and monsters. The kings councillor smiled. Well, those are not the reasons Id have given, but . . . He had moved(p) her cheek, his thumb lightly tracing the line of a cheekbone. look is not a song, sweetling. You may learn that one day to your sorrow.Sansa did not feel like verbalize all that to Jeyne, however it made her uneasy just to think back on it.Ser Ilyns the Kings Justice, not Ser Loras, Jcyne said. Lord Eddard should have sent him.Sansa shuddered. Every time she looked at Ser Ilyn Payne, she shivered. He made her feel as though something dead were slithering over her naked pelt. Ser Ilyns almost like a second monster. Im glad Father didnt pick him.Lord Beric is as much a hero as Ser Loras. Hes ever so jocund and gallant.I suppose, Sansa said doubtfully. Beric Dondarrion was handsome enough, but he was awfully old, almost twenty-two the K night of Flowers would have been much better. Of course, Jeyne had been in love with Lord Beric ever since she had first glimpsed him in the lists. Sansa thought she was being silly Jeyne was only a stewards daughter, after all, and no matter how much she mooned after him, Lord Beric would never look at someone so far beneath him, even if she hadnt been half his age.It would have been unkind to rate so, however, so Sansa took a sip of milk and changed the subject. I had a dream that Joffrey would be the one to take the white hart, she said. It had been more of a wish, actually, but it sounded better to call it a dream. Everyone knew that dreams were prophetic. White harts were supposed to be very rare and magical, and in her heart she knew her gallant prince was worthier than his drunken father.A dream? Truly? Did Prince Joffrey just go up to it and touch it with his bare hand and do it no harm?No, Sansa said. He pecker it with a golden arrow and brought it back for me. In the son gs, the knights never killed magical beasts, they just went up to them and touched(p) them and did them no harm, but she knew Joffrey liked hunting, especially the killing part. Only animals, though. Sansa was certain her prince had no part in murdering Jory and those other poor men that had been his wicked uncle, the Kingslayer. She knew her father was still angry about that, but it wasnt mean(a) to blame Joff. That would be like blaming her for something that Arya had done.I adage your sister this afternoon, Jeyne blurted out, as if shed been reading Sansas thoughts. She was walking through with(predicate) the stables on her hands. Why would she do a thing like that?Im sure I dont know why Arya does anything. Sansa hated stables, smelly places full of manure and flies. Even when she went riding, she liked the boy to saddle the horse and necessitate it to her in the yard. Do you postulate to hear about the court or not?I do, Jeyne said. on that point was a black brother, Sansa said, begging men for the Wall, only he was kind of old and smelly. She hadnt liked that at all. She had always imagined the Nights Watch to be men like Uncle Benjen. In the songs, they were called the black knights of the Wall. But this man had been unfit and hideous, and he looked as though he might have lice. If this was what the Nights Watch was truly like, she felt downhearted for her bastard half brother, Jon. Father asked if there were any knights in the hall who would do honor to their houses by taking the black, but no one came forward, so he gave this Yoren his pick of the kings dungeons and sent him on his way. And later these two brothers came before him, freeriders from the Dornish Marches, and pledged their swords to the service of the king. Father accepted their oaths . . . Jeyne yawned. Are there any lemon tree cakes?Sansa did not like being interrupted, but she had to admit, lemon cakes sounded more interesting than most of what had gone on in the throne room. Lets see, she said.The kitchen yielded no lemon cakes, but they did find half of a cold strawberry mark pie, and that was almost as good. They ate it on the tower steps, giggling and gossiping and sharing secrets, and Sansa went to bed that night vox populi almost as wicked as Arya.The next morning she woke before first light and crept sleepily to her window to watch Lord Beric form up his men. They rode out as dawn was breaking over the city, with three banners passing game before them the crowned stag of the king flew from the uplifted staff, the direwolf of Stark and Lord Berics own forked lightning standard from shorter poles. It was all so exciting, a song come to life the clatter of swords, the quiver of torchlight, banners dancing in the wind, horses snorting and whinnying, the golden glow of sunrise slanting through the bars of the portcullis as it jerked upward. The Winterfell men looked especially fine in their silvery mail and long grey cloaks.Alyn carried the Stark b anner. When she saw him rein in beside Lord Beric to exchange words, it made Sansa feel ever so proud. Alyn was handsomer than Jory had been he was tone ending to be a knight one day.The Tower of the Hand seemed so empty after they left(p) that Sansa was even pleased to see Arya when she went down to break her fast. Where is everyone? her sister expected to know as she ripped the skin from a blood orange. Did Father send them to hunt down Jaime Lannister?Sansa sighed. They rode with Lord Beric, to behead Ser Gregor Clegane. She turned to Septa Mordane, who was alimentation porridge with a wooden spoon. Septa, forget Lord Beric spike Ser Gregors head on his own gate or bring it back here for the king? She and Jeyne Poole had been arguing over that buy the farm night.The septa was horror-struck. A lady does not discuss such things over her porridge. Where are your courtesies, Sansa? I swear, of late youve been near as bad as your sister.What did Gregor do? Arya asked.He burned do wn a holdfast and murdered a lot of people, women and children too.Arya screwed up her face in a scowl. Jaime Lannister murdered Jory and Heward and Wyl, and the Hound murdered Mycah. Somebody should have beheaded them.Its not the same, Sansa said. The Hound is Joffreys sworn shield. Your butchers boy attacked the prince.Liar, Arya said. Her hand clenched the blood orange so hard that red juice oozed between her fingers.Go ahead, call me all the names you want, Sansa said airily. You wont dare when Im married to Joffrey. Youll have to bow to me and call me Your Grace. She shout as Arya flung the orange across the table. It caught her in the middle of the forehead with a wet squish and plopped down into her lap.You have juice on your face, Your Grace, Arya said. It was running down her nose and tart her eyes. Sansa wiped it away with a napkin. When she saw what the fruit in her lap had done to her beautiful bone silk preen, she shrieked again. Youre horrible, she screamed at her s ister. They should have killed you instead of LadySepta Mordane came lurching to her feet. Your lord father will hear of this Go to your chambers, at once. At onceMe too? Tears welled in Sansas eyes. Thats not fair.The matter is not subject to discussion. GoSansa stalked away with her head up. She was to be a queen, and queens did not cry. At least not where people could see. When she reached her bedchamber, she barred the penetration and took off her dress. The blood orange had left a blotchy red stain on the silk. I hate her she screamed. She balled up the dress and flung it into the cold hearth, on top of the ashes of perish nights fire. When she saw that the stain had bled through onto her underskirt, she began to sob despite herself. She ripped off the rest of her clothes wildly, threw herself into bed, and cried herself back to sleep.It was midday when Septa Mordane knocked upon her door. Sansa. Your lord father will see you now.Sansa sat up. Lady, she whispered. For a mome nt it was as if the direwolf was there in the room, looking at her with those golden eyes, sad and knowing. She had been dreaming, she realized. Lady was with her, and they were running together, and . . . and . . . difficult to remember was like trying to catch the rain with her fingers. The dream faded, and Lady was dead again.Sansa. The rap came again, sharply. Do you hear me?Yes, Septa, she called out. Might I have a moment to dress, please? Her eyes were red from crying, but she did her best to make herself beautiful.Lord Eddard was bent over a huge leather-bound book when Septa Mordane marched her into the solar, his plaster-wrapped leg stiff beneath the table. Come here, Sansa, he said, not unkindly, when the septa had gone for her sister. Sit beside me. He closed the book.Septa Mordane returned with Arya squirming in her grasp. Sansa had put on a lovely pale green damask gown and a look of remorse, but her sister was still wear the ratty leathers and roughspun shed worn at breakfast. Here is the other one, the septa announced.My thanks, Septa Mordane. I would talk to my daughters alone, if you would be so kind. The septa motion and left.Arya started it, Sansa said quickly, anxious to have the first word. She called me a liar and threw an orange at me and spoiled my dress, the ivory silk, the one Queen Cersei gave me when I was betrothed to Prince Joffrey. She hates that Im passing to marry the prince. She tries to spoil everything, Father, she cant stand for anything to be beautiful or nice or splendid.Enough, Sansa. Lord Eddards voice was sharp with impatience.Arya raised her eyes. Im sorry, Father. I was wrong and I beg my sweet sisters forgiveness.Sansa was so startled that for a moment she was speechless. Finally she found her voice. What about my dress?Maybe . . . I could wash it, Arya said doubtfully.Washing wont do any good, Sansa said. Not if you scrubbed all day and all night. The silk is ruined.Then Ill . . . make you a new one, Arya said .Sansa threw back her head in disdain. You? You couldnt secure a dress fit to clean the pigsties.Their father sighed. I did not call you here to talk of dresses. Im sending you both back to Winterfell.For the second time Sansa found herself too stunned for words. She felt her eyes grow moist again.You cant, Arya said.Please, Father, Sansa managed at last. Please dont.Eddard Stark favored his daughters with a tired smile. At last weve found something you agree on.I didnt do anything wrong, Sansa pleaded with him. I dont want to go back. She loved Mngs Landing the pagaentry of the court, the high lords and ladies in their velvets and silks and gemstones, the great city with all its people. The tournament had been the most magical time of her whole life, and there was so much she had not seen yet, harvest feasts and masked balls and mummer shows. She could not bear the thought of losing it all. mastermind Arya away, she started it, Father, I swear it. Ill be good, youll see, just let me stay and I promise to be as fine and noble and courteous as the queen.Fathers mouth twitched strangely. Sansa, Im not sending you away for fighting, though the gods know Im sick of you two squabbling. I want you back in Winterfell for your own safety. Three of my men were break up down like dogs not a league from where we sit, and what does Robert do? He goes hunting.Arya was chewing at her oral cavity in that disgusting way she had. Can we take Syrio back with us?Who cares about your stupid dancing master? Sansa flared. Father, I only just now remembered, I cant go away, Im to marry Prince Joffrey. She tried to smile bravely for him. I love him, Father, I truly truly do, I love him as much as Queen Naerys loved Prince Aemon the Dragonknight, as much as Jonquil loved Ser Florian. I want to be his queen and have his babies.Sweet one, her father said gently, listen to me. When youre old enough, I will make you a match with a high lord whos worthy of you, someone brave and sweet and strong. This match with Joffrey was a terrible mistake. That boy is no Prince Aemon, you must believe me.He is Sansa insisted. I dont want someone brave and gentle, I want him. Well be ever so happy, just like in the songs, youll see. Ill give him a son with golden hair, and one day hell be the king of all the realm, the superlative king that ever was, as brave as the wolf and as proud as the lion.Arya made a face. Not if Joffreys his father, she said. Hes a liar and a craven and anyhow hes a stag, not a lion.Sansa felt tears in her eyes. He is not Hes not the least bit like that old drunken king, she screamed at her sister, forgetting herself in her grief.Father looked at her strangely. Gods, he swore softly, out of the mouth of babes . . . He shouted for Septa Mordane. To the girls he said, I am looking for a fast trading galley to take you home. These days, the sea is safer than the kingsroad. You will sail as soon as I can find a ripe ship, with Septa Mordane and a com plement of guards . . . and yes, with Syrio Forel, if he agrees to enter my service. But say nothing of this. Its better if no one knows of our plans. Well talk again tomorrow.Sansa cried as Septa Mordane marched them down the steps. They were going to take it all away the tournaments and the court and her prince, everything, they were going to send her back to the bleak grey walls of Winterfell and lock her up forever. Her life was over before it had begun. resign that weeping, child, Septa Mordane said sternly. I am certain your lord father knows what is best for you.It wont be so bad, Sansa, Arya said. Were going to sail on a galley. It will be an adventure, and then well be with Bran and Robb again, and Old Nan and Hodor and the rest. She touched her on the arm.Hodor Sansa yelled. You ought to marry Hodor, youre just like him, stupid and hairy and ugly She wrenched away from her sisters hand, stormed into her bedchamber, and barred the door behind her.

Cadet Entrance Response Essay

hoard your own response. What are the most important qualities in becoming a undefeated USMA plebe and a successful Army officer?Resilience, dedication and leadership are qualities befitting for a successful USMA cadet and a successful Army officer. Resilience is not only an essential quality for becoming a successful cadet or officer, it is also essential for your life. Resilience is the ability to resurrect ones self from hard times, to never feed up, and displays ones mental strength. In the academy Ive heard that on a cadets first year they undergo times of overwhelming stress in tests of emotional stability, perseverance, and ability to organize and perform under stress. With resilience and resolve a cadet pull up stakes be able to overcome these stressful obstacles. Likewise, discipline is another quality in becoming a successful USMA cadet and a successful Army officer. At times resilience may backup dedication because when one dedicates their self to something, one ine vitably the resolve to continue on with it and never give up.Dedication shows ones loyalty, commitment, and devotion, in which is an important trait when offering ones service to their country. To finish, a successful USMA cadet and Army officer should have the quality of leadership. As a leader one moldiness offer guidance and work together as a team to get things done efficiently. leading brings out control and order in a group. Showing resilience and dedication as a leader conveys a sense of trustworthiness and cooperation among their followers. Any person with a position of leadership needs to set a positive example in order to make their self charismatic and a successful leader. Having these qualities will show the mental strength, devotion, and management skills it takes in becoming a successful USMA cadet and Army officer.

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Current Event Summary - Essay ExampleThe crisis in Libya is one major(ip) source of this emerging crisis. The IEA has already reached an understanding with the largest oil producer Saudi Arabia and the Organization of Petroleum exporting Countries (OPEC), that the major oil producing countries will exploit their surplus production capacity, in case the energy crisis worsens. So far the oil producing nations and IEA seem to be in agreement in their understanding of the overall site and the possible solutions.IEA is a bit apprehensive about tapping into its oil reserves as even a little disruption of the supplies in an already constrained market could give way to an exceptional toll surge. So the member countries cannot purpose as to whether to allow the free market forces let decide and set up the circumstances or should they intervene to check a possibly impending crisis. The IEA least wants to initiate this crisis by its actions. As per the estimates, so far there is ample oil available in the markets. So a wait and watch policy appears to be more appropriate.Till date, IEA has not revised its confer estimates. The elemental thrust in on quantifying the disruption constraints posed by the crisis in Libya, so as to decide as to the magnitude of the oil stockpiles that need to be released. Yet, there is a fear that this disruption may get prolonged. In such a situation the IEA will for the time decide to bridge the supply gap by releasing oil from its reserves. However, any further response will be low-level on the willingness of the oil producing countries to cull out the surplus production capacity.One other fear is that a constrained political turmoil in the Middle East will directly hit the investments being made into the oil sector in this region. This withholding of investments will have an effect on the oil markets in the medium and long run. Political tension in the region will have a dampening effect on the companies desirous of making invest ments into

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Corporate governance in Moslem banking - assignment ExampleMoreover, Islamic finance is one of the ways to accommodate Islamic value in finance, it insists on the importance of the accountability, transpargonncy, and trust. Islamic banking refers to a system where all banking behavior is consistent with Islamic law and manoeuver by the economics of Islam.Since the introduction of Islamic banking, the number of Islamic financial institutions has increased globally. This is because of the increase in Islamic population and the economic development of Islamic nations. Today, there are more than 300 institutions in more than 75 countries. In addition, there is the development of many Islamic financial products used in financial market activities, for example, trading, and investment. Corporate governance in Islamic finance entails the institutions abiding by the Islamic rules also known as Shariah. The rules govern the banks operations, according to Islamic principles that are derive d from rule book and Hadith.Islamic financial institutions operate in the same space as the conventional banks and perform all functions expected from a financial institution. In addition, savers are able to collect deposits for the purpose of reward from both(prenominal) types of institutions. However, the difference comes in when agreeing on the reward. down the stairs the conventional system, the reward is normally predetermined and fixed piece of music in Islamic system, the reward is variable and the deposits are acceptable through Musharaka (Lewis, 2001). Additionally, the returns under conventional banking are usually higher on long-term deposits and pocket-sized for short-term deposits. On the other hand, higher hit sharing is assigned to long-term deposits available for investing in long term projects, earning high returns and low weight for deposit that are short-term that cannot be spent in long term projects. Under Islamic banking, the risk and rewards are

A Frenetic Workday Schedule Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A excited Workday Schedule - Article ExampleBefore 2005, the insomnia category was written off as non growing or changing. The chief drug to combat insomnia was the brand Ambien (it recorded sales of $ 2.2 billion in 2004 Brandweek Magazine. Marketers of the Year 2006 Lunestas Tim Healey and Jay Popli), that rose to the top after successfully fighting off other aspirant drugs alike Sonata, Halcion and Tylenol P.M. The American public was resigned to the dominance of Ambien in the absence of a remedy alternative in spite of increasing high-profile cases that highlighted the dangerous side effects of Ambien (such as U.S. Rep. Patrick Kenneys railway car crash, a lawyer in Buffalo who messily raided his own fridge and tore a wipe rack off the wall, the crash of the Staten Island Ferry that killed 11 persons, a Texas bus crash resulting in the demise of 8 passengers, and several videos of YouTube depicting people drooling and zonked out (The New York Times. Record Sales of Sleeping Pills argon Causing Worries).Into this scenario of sleeplessness and uncertainty came Lunesta. Launched in April 2005 by Marlborough Mass.-based firm Sepracor, it swiftly emerged as the hottest sleeping pad of paper in the U.S today. The Lunesta fairytale success story is based on two factors a measure of computable fortune, and a massive ad budget featuring an irresistible ad.Lunesta initially had two strokes of good fortune its captain name and original and was scrapped. The FDA rejected the brand name Estorra on the grounds that it sounded too much like Estrace, a prevailing hormone-therapy drug.

Why do Organizational Change Initiatives Often Fail Research Paper

Why do Organizational limiting Initiatives Often Fail - Research Paper ExampleHow to salmagundi may resist across arrangings but modify is essential for progress or as Abrahamson (2004) calls it creative destruction. Without throe no compound is possible and the justification for change is change or perish. Change could fill a mathematical process, technology or public process. Research indicates that almost 56-70 percent of mergers and acquisitions fail to achieve the think objectives while 90 percent of culture change initiatives fail (Atkinson, 2005). If the change objectives are not achieved, the organization should strive to evaluate the causes of harm. Once the causes can be identified it may be possible to mount change management procedure to achieve the change objectives. Consequences of change failure can be disastrous. Change failures not only result in waste of resources but when changes fail people go cynical and lose motivation to work. Failure in managing c hange can lead to preconceptions and perceptions that can have a demoralizing effect on employees. The causes of failures that have emerged include shortcomings in change leadership, insufficient attention precondition to the complexities in the change process, or repetitive change syndrome resulting in initiative overload, change chaos and cynicism. Failures could excessively occur due to lack of clear compelling statement or vision, or when there is no definite plan or directives, no goals and programs, no methods or deadlines. Speeding up the change process could lead to errors that could be devastating. Management may also fail to recognize that adjustment to change could consider time. Various gumshoes have been suggested to manage change in effect the most important suggestion being that change requires effective leadership it requires more than just managing change. This should be a visionary leadership where the vision is effectively communicated to the people concerned. Empowerment is another effective tool to obtain the intended outcome in the change process as empowerment patrons eliminate the obstacles while it also reduces the alienated feeling that employees develop. However, a practicing theater director needs to ensure that the stakeholders are involved in the change process from the very beginning. No thought of urgency should be transmitted as this could end up in change chaos. Communication should be honest and be able to generate trust and confidence. Short-term wins should be created as it is an effective tool in receiving cooperation for furthering the process of change. This research was conducted to synthesize the varied perspectives on change leadership and change models that could help an organization to achieve the change objectives. The research will review the top reasons for change initiative failure and how they can be remedied. Various change models of renowned scholars such as Kotter, Lewin, Bridges and Abrahamson have b een reviewed and evaluated. 2. belles-lettres Review 2.1 Causes of failure in the change process 2.1.1 Resistance to change Manifestation of unsusceptibility Employee resistance to change can be exhibited or communicated in a number of ways, the employees could express cynicism or they may not be open to change or not ready for change (Peccei, Giangreco & Sebastiano, 2011). The resistance to change manifests itself mainly through low-engagement in pro-change behaviors. There can even be more active anti-change behaviors as when people speak out in public against the change or when they undermine its implementation. Resistance is oft time displayed passively and covertly, asserts Atkinson. If they were displayed in a forthright manner it would have been possible to deal with them logically. Some times staff may attend a change project and display approval but underneath this external facade they nurture

Proceses in Organinzations (Project Managers) Essay - 2

Proceses in Organinzations (Project Managers) - Essay interpreterThere are some key characteristics of the aforesaid situation. The appearance of intermediate link between stakeholders and escort developers, is viewed by IT and business unit double-deckers as unnecessary encumbrance for the already overtaxed budget. In the past, IT projects have non been completed within budget or on time. IT and business unit managers dont crap the project management in its integrity moreover they have only seen its complexity. Thus they cant understand the affair and the value project manager brings in the organization. Thus becomes clear how far the pretermit of understanding and support among those who has to follow the project managers envision, deteriorates all the business process characteristics and defines the disapproving media, which aspect presents a big challenge for the project manager to cope with.Traditionally, the role of project manager is someone who consciously negotiates with project stakeholders, keeps the peace among team members, and tries to keep calm while all approximately them is chaos while budgets and Gant charts are not the main parts of the role.(S.J.Mantel at al., Project management in practice, p.298, 2001) At first the project manager has to struggle to get every body understand his role and the value he brings in the organization, i.e. to persuade the other team members in his envision. Proceeding from Davenports comment for the business process as a structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a unique(predicate) output for a particular customer or market. It implies a strong emphasis on how head for the hills is done within an organization, in contrast to a product focuss emphasis on what. A process is thus a specific ordering of work activities across time and space, with a beginning and an end, and clearly defined inputs and outputs a structure for action. ...