Two topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two point - Research Paper Example Different experts have dove into the significant components that made ready for assorted associations to exceed expectations among the rest. As per Greenberg (2006), decent variety is characterized as â€Å"the assortment of contrasts between individuals in an organization†¦Diversity envelops race, sexual orientation, ethnic gathering, age, character, intellectual style, residency, authoritative capacity, instruction, foundation and more† (standard. 1). In a related writing, Esty, Griffin and Schorr-Hirsh (1995) refered to Green, Lopez, Wysocki and Kepner (2009) as giving a proper meaning of the term by showing that decent variety is â€Å"acknowledging, understanding, tolerating, esteeming, and commending contrasts among individuals concerning age, class, ethnicity, sex, physical and mental capacity, race, sexual direction, profound practice, and open help status† (Esty, et al., 1995, standard. 4). The definitions underscore the support and acknowledgment of indiv iduals from a variety of foundations esteemed to give instrumental advantages to the complicated needs of associations. As affirmed by DiTomaso (1999), a few variables add to assorted variety in the working environment, indeed: â€Å"(a) the changing segment structure of the U.S., (b) the expanded significance of globalization to benefits and long haul endurance in numerous organizations, and (c) changes in the structure of how work gets done† (DiTomaso, 1999, p. 1). Because of the assortment of affecting components that exchange, authoritative pioneers perceive the need to oversee decent variety to guarantee that it moves in the direction of the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives. Dealing with an assorted workforce ought to include successfully incorporating administrative capacities as far as arranging, sorting out, coordinating and controlling decent variety in the hierarchical setting. B. Instances of Current Applications Contemporary effective associations have bo re witness to the consolidation of decent variety in their authoritative strategies. From among the most noticeable and dynamic in its usage and utilization of assorted variety is Walmart. The official site of Walmart gloats of techniques that â€Å"implement activities to draw in and hold a various workforce, including selecting from schools and colleges with huge multicultural populaces. We additionally furnish partners with hands on preparing, administration workshops, and direct access to openings for work through our Career Preference System† (Walmart: Diversity, standard. 2). The work force profile of Walmart uncovers that â€Å"more than 850,000 of our partners are female and make up 59 percent of our U.S. workforce. 35 percent of our partners are minority: 249,000 African Americans, 171,000 Hispanics, 42,000 Asian Americans, 6,000 Pacific Islander Americans, 15,000 American Indian and Alaska Natives, and 430,000 partners 50 and over† (Walmart: Diversity Report, 2009). Another enterprise that effectively applies decent variety in their association is HSBC that â€Å"invites, grasps and oversees distinction in the changing workforce to pick up the best from its kin and to give the best support of its clients. It energizes the separating of boundaries of the past to take a gander at things in another manner, to discover viable business and client arrangements. In such associations assorted variety is viewed as a serious differentiator, in both work and client

Is American Beef Safe to Eat?- Exploring the Quality of Agricultural St

as Americans we must be aware of the nourishments that we eat that originate from the distinctive animals. Everything that is definitely not a vegetable originates from some structure or another of domesticated animals and at times we need to ponder; where is the food coming from? On the off chance that you asked any multi year old he would state â€Å"the basic food item store†, anyway as customers we must be learned of the nourishments we put into our bodies and have great confidence that they are originating from quality sources. the cows business and government to defend the food that we eat. There are as of now numerous measures set up, however would they say they are sufficient? How might we increment the nature of these norms What do we should be aware of that diminishes the estimation of these principles What are a portion of the moves being made by private industry to guarantee quality? Is the legislature taken similar activities to guard the American purchaser? US Department of Agriculture Standards Inside the United State there is just one lot of measures to review meat and hamburger items being appropriated interstate. The USDA set up these measures after the Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 which expresses that, â€Å"USDA has power to control development of unfit meat and meat items and to require poultry items in interstate and remote trade to meet Federal review standards.† There are seven gauges set up for business hamburger deal in the United States; they are on a sliding scale. Fantastic quality hamburger is marked as prime, which has a high level of marbling or fat all through the back, flank, ribs, and rear end. Prime meat will be for the most part utilized in steakhouses and eateries all through the country. The nature of this specific kind of hamburger is better than the following standard of meat, decision... ...he various vessels of showcasing and creation. There are additionally a few choices for inoculation in the event that it is being done before weaning the calf or during the weaning procedure. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Program has experienced incredible lengths to guarantee calves and steers are as a rule appropriately inoculated. They have thought of a program that is cognizant to the distinctive money related and affordable circumstances of the farmer. The most essential program is comprised of just one shot for every cow, and neglects to cover the most widely recognized conceptive infections, brucellosis, leptospirosis and campylobecteriosis. Nonetheless, this fundamental immunization is super financially savvy, at just $3.11 per bovine. The â€Å"best† program covers everything from 5-way leptospirosos, 8-way clostridal toxoid, to Pasteruella hemolytica. This program is practically crazy at an expense of $8.69 per dairy animals.

Causal Argument Essay Samples

Causal Argument Essay SamplesWhether you are a student or a teacher looking for ideas to add to your syllabus, causal argument essay samples can help you reach the final draft in no time. The power of the internet makes it easy to find such examples and they make a great resource for those looking for easy ways to construct a good argument. One thing that you will quickly learn about causal argument essay samples is that they aren't always easy to understand.Writing a syllabus for a final assignment will require a few weeks or even months to complete, depending on how much content you have to cover. A syllabus also needs to be interesting, so you might need to spend some time learning some of the more technical details. There are also other challenges that you might face. For example, if you are teaching a specific subject matter, you may want to have some recent research to show the students.When I was teaching high school, I spent my mornings reading up on materials to use in writi ng a particular unit. The material that I read had everything to do with chemistry, but I didn't really have much of an idea what I should teach. This isn't unusual, but when I was writing the syllabus I had little direction in terms of what to teach.In most of the literature, I would either read the article or sit down and try to build my argument, trying to decide whether it was one or the other, and whether I was an advocate for the opinion or the fact. Often, I was so frustrated with the difficulty that I simply decided that I didn't have to deal with it anymore. After all, wasn't this supposed to be fun? Then, I found causal argument essay samples that gave me a clear picture of what I should teach and why.When I began teaching college-level literature courses in the fall of my freshman year, my professors encouraged me to read more casual writing. This helped me to get my theory straight, but it also made it much easier to organize my thinking. Before long, I was writing the s yllabus all by myself, and it worked out quite well.Consider this brief example: The law requires that each parent and child must be present at all times when the child is in school. Although parents do a lot of things for their children, this one requirement is usually enough to prevent most problems. You know that your child is in danger, or the teacher is giving some other example that the child is in danger, and therefore you have the information you need to write your own story. This is an example of causal argument essay samples that use evidence.The evidence that has been presented is what forms the basis of your claim. This evidence will work as your foundation for your claim. In order to justify your claim, you will also need to come up with reasons that support your argument. Once you do this, you have a much better chance of convincing your students.You might be tempted to simply start with a very strong argument and then go through the logical process of proving it in a manner that is familiar to you. But, it is better to develop a logical argument first and then employ that logic in creating the evidence to support it.

Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western...

Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Societies Nature isnt always the best. I have the money to improve on nature and I dont see why I shouldnt (Cher, as cited in Glasgow Evening Times: 24 April 1992) We hadnt seen or heard from each other for 28 yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Then he suggested it would be nice if we could meet. I was very nervous about it. How much had I changed? I wanted a facelift, tummy tuck and liposuction, all in one week. (A woman, age forty-nine, being interviewed for an article on older couples falling in love; falling in love again 1990) In late modernity, the exterior territories, or surfaces, of the body have become symbols of the self, and in a society†¦show more content†¦Whether this is achieved through ornaments such as jewellery or through the wide range of physical alterations from hairdressing to tattoos to body piercing, we respond to the demand of seeing and being seen. Such visual judgements are ubiquitous in western society, and perhaps even necessary, yet they also trap us, as seen in the past hundred years where we have increasingly turned to those whom it is believed can permanently alter the way we look to others - cosmetic surgeons. Throughout the ages women in particular have undergone pain to attempt to conform to the current cultural ideals of beauty and youth. This is clear in relation to procedures such as foot binding and the wearing of restrictive corsets, where women suffered discomfort and immobility in the name of particular fashions. In recent decades, Western society have replaced these practices with strict diets and perhaps even more remarkably, cosmetic plastic surgery. The 1990s saw a significant increase in the numbers of women receiving cosmetic surgery in Britain and the United States, especially liposuction and breast augmentation procedures and today more and more women are turning to cosmetic surgery to change the shape and appearance of their bodies (Grogan: 1999: p.49). Whilst plastic surgery is not a recent phenomenon, with a history tracing back to 1000 BC, whereShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Society988 Words   |  4 PagesCosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Society Grogan, Sarah (1999) Body Image: understanding body dissatisdaction in men, women and children. London and New York: Routledge 2 4 25 41 48 49-52 57 68 151 152 191 Body Image: The picture of our own body which we form in our mind, that is to say, the way in which our body appears to ourselves. 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At the organizational level, marketing is a vital business function that is necessary in nearly all industries whether the organization operates as a forprofit or as a not-for-profit. For the for-profit organization, marketing is responsible forRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Organizational Psychology. Fellowship: Dr. Judge is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Academy of Management, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, and the American Psychological Society. Awards: In 1995 , Dr. Judge received the Ernest J. McCormick Award for Distinguished Early Career Contributions from the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. In 2001, he received the Larry L. 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Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3098 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management Over the course of this year, I have learned much about supply chain management. I have learned tactics to use during negotiations, competitive bidding processes, and other business situations. My internship this summer allowed me to have a one on one experience with supply chain management. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management" essay for you Create order This internship shed a brief light of what supply chain was and the situations that come with it. Ethics plays a role in your life every day. They shape the person you truly are, and even an honest person can make an unethical decision. In life we are all faced with decisions and I can guarantee that everyone in their lifetime will make an unethical decision. Before we move on we need to know what ethics means. Ethics is a hard word to explain. There is a variety of different definitions of ethics, and the view of ethics is different to every person. Some believe that ethics is described as what the law requires you to do. Others believe that ethics is what your religion preaches for you to do. Some people do not know what the word ethics means. An article from Santa Clara University summed up ethics correctly. Within this article it stated, â€Å"Ethics is two things. First, ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually i n terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues† (Velasquez, 2010). I completely agree with the following statement; ethics is a standard of right and wrong that usually benefits society and is fair. It further states, â€Å" ethics refers to the study and development of ones ethical standards† (Velasquez, 2010). The feelings and laws which we are supposed to follow as humans describe what is ethical. To remain ethical, we must continuously study and examine our ethical practices. Much like businesses, ethics seem to change regularly and adapt to our culture and needs. By studying our ethical practices we can continue to live up to the standards that we set for ourselves and our institutions. There is a vast amount of definitions of ethics, and there are also many different kinds of ethical approaches. The three types of ethical approaches that I believe pertain to supply chain management are virtue ethics, duty ethics, and conseque ntial ethics. According to a BBC article, virtue ethics is about a person rather than action-based: it looks at the moral character of the individual carrying out an action, rather than at ethical duty, or the consequences of those actions (â€Å"Virtue Ethics†, 2013). Virtue ethics deals with the perceptions of a person. It is human nature to assess a person on their character. Aristotle declared that a virtuous person is someone who has ideal character traits (Athanassoulis, 2014). These characteristics are usually natural and learned from your past experiences; they are generally stable and fixed throughout your life. Everyone is born with tendencies, some of these tendencies will dissipate, and others will grow. There are a number of factors that affect your virtues, such as your parents, teachers, and situations. An example of how companies can apply virtue ethics to their practice is by hiring a manager who strives to achieve moral excellence. In John Dobson article the y state, â€Å"Companies should hire a manager who virtues are honesty, fairness, prudence, and courage† (Dobson, 2007). A manager hired for a company should include all of the virtues above and should place personal virtues over any material considerations. This will allow employees to see ethical morals and practices being used in upper management. When it comes to duty based ethics, it is all about doing the right thing. In other words, duty based ethics is doing the right thing because it is the right thing to do, even if you do not agree with it. In the article â€Å"Workplace Example of Duty Based Ethics† they define a person who uses duty based ethics as, â€Å"a person who believes that the highest virtue comes from doing what you are supposed to do either because you have to, e.g., following the law, or because you agreed to, e.g., following an employers policies (Gillikin, 2012). Much like virtue ethics, duty based ethics does not take into account if th e action leads to a good or bad consequence. Obviously duty based ethics has its flaws. Humans have and will continue to break rules that are set for them. Many companies will require policies that their employees are to follow. Duty based ethics is seen throughout the supply chain. People have an obligation to do the right thing, even if that task produces a negative result. A good example of duty based ethics in the supply chain is a company’s code of conduct. Each employee must follow this code of conduct. Each employee follows this ethical code because they believe that the highest virtue comes from doing what you are supposed to do. This employee either follows this code of conduct because they have to, agreed to follow it, or it follows the law. There are obvious flaws in duty based ethics. Based on duty based ethics if you are an employee and your manager asks you to do something unethical in the supply chain, you must follow this request. Obviously duty based ethics i s needed in the supply chain, but there needs to be a common median between right and wrong. If an action will produce terrible outcomes for the common good, it must be weighed with your decision making. The last ethical approach I see in supply chain management is consequentialism or result based ethics. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines consequentialism ethics as, the action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable (Fieser, 2013). Results based ethics is seen throughout the supply chain. When companies make a decision they usually have different options, and they choose the option that is more favorable, often cutting down on cost and increasing profit. There are obvious flaws with results based ethics as well. For example, a company begins to employ children, an unethical decision, but by doing this they can drastically cut their cost and pay their U.S employees more money. Even though this sounds like an extreme cas e, this does happen in the supply chain. Although result based ethics seems like it can really work in a business’s favor, it usually doesn’t. It is true that you can see parts of virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics in the supply chain. However, many of these approaches do not take into account human rights. No person is perfectly locked into one of these approaches, but some of these approaches can be seen in supply chain management. The results of following virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics to a degree can lead to unethical decision making. Employees and companies must find a common median between virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics and the role they play in the environment around them. Much like ethics, supply chain management is a very broad topic. A supply chain is a series of links that enable the movement of products from the producer to the customer (Sairamnath, 2014). I n other words, it is how a product moves from point A to point B. However, supply chain management encompasses the management of both relationships among intermediaries and logistics activities but also includes numerous businesses and various marketing functional areas, including product decisions, promotion, pricing, procurement, and strategic alignment among organizational members (Ferrell, 2013). As you can tell, supply chain and supply chain management are very broad topics that seem to cover every aspect of a business. Not only does supply chain management control the relationships among logistical activities it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners. An example of collaboration and channel partners would be suppliers, third-party service providers, and customers. Many companies use supply chain management activities to improve profitability, cut cost, and to create a competitive advantage compared to their competition. It is obvious that corporatio ns place a tremendous amount of trust in its employees, customers, and suppliers. However, we live in an extremely competitive market that seems to demand results. This will always put pressure on employees to succeed, whatever the cost. This is where many of us run into problems with ethical decision making. We may know that this is not right, but it would look good to our superiors. Building a sustainable supply chain is a must, but making an ethical and lasting supply chain is harder than it seems. For many companies profits often out way social responsibility and ethics. An article by Forbes.com summed up the marketplace perfectly. It stated, â€Å"Corporations strive to mitigate costs and reduce uncertainty. Nowhere is that drive for certainty and cost containment more compelling than in corporate supply chain (Guthrie, 2014). Globalization within the supply chain industry has created an opportunity for new suppliers overseas, but these global suppliers also can cause uneth ical practices. An example of a company that has been linked to unethical supply chain practices is Apple. While producing the iPhone 5, an Apple supplier recruited people for their factory assembly line. According to the article, the supplier hired brokers, who charged families high fees, often a year’s worth of wages with interest. It also stated that factory workers were reportedly obliged to surrender their passports as payment until they could repay their debt (Opam, 2013). Obviously Apple is against the abuse of migrant workers or any workers in general, but this example shows that even companies that claim to be against unethical practices still have trouble with eliminating them. The quest for a competitive advantage can have an impact on how and whom the products were made by. Human rights abuse has also been a hot topic in the use of global supply chains. It is no secret that companies employ illegal workers, often some are sold into slavery. The Thai seafood indust ry is known for having thousands of â€Å"slaves†. The Thai government and many of the suppliers understand this â€Å"slave† market and still continue to use the Thai seafood suppliers. In 2013, a report found that the country of Thailand has failed to make sufficient progress in tackling human trafficking (Trent, 2014). Although many of the companies audit these locations, they seem to miss this. These companies have the power to demand accountability from their suppliers. They should be monitoring who their suppliers hire, how the products are produced, and if they are using ethical practices. Ethical issues such as child labor have played an enormous role in supply chain management. The increasing global marketplace has made companies temporarily unaware of supplier practices. It has been widely known that shifting some of our production overseas would cut down on your firms cost and produce a higher profit. However, the result of this greater profit could poten tially be the use of child labor or another unethical practice. Recently chocolate companies such as Nestlà © and Cargill have come under fire from having suppliers who employ children. According to the article written by Rich Steeves, â€Å"the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has stated that these companies tolerated child labor on cocoa farms in order to cut costs. Driven by the goal to reduce expenses in any way possible, the defendants allegedly supported the use of child slavery, the cheapest form of labor available† (Steeves, 2014). Although these companies do not own the cocoa farms, the supplier is still part of their supply chain. The global market has allowed companies to produce a tremendous amount of profit. However, is this profit worth the consequences that comes with it? This example brings me back to results based ethics. Obviously companies enjoy seeing their costs cut and a substantial amount of profit, but does this action help the greater good? With this rec ent scandal, Nestlà © has decided to take measures into their own hands. Nestlà © and its partners are now becoming increasingly involved in the communities in Cà ´te d’Ivoire. An action plan has been drawn up by Nestlà © to counteract the use of child labor. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s executive vice president of operations stated, â€Å"The use of child labor in our cocoa supply chain goes against everything we stand for. As the FLA report makes clear, no company sourcing cocoa from Cà ´te d’Ivoire can guarantee that it doesn’t happen, but what we can say is that tackling child labor is a top priority for our company† (â€Å"Nestlà © Sets Out Actions†, 2014). Nestlà © will now work closely with its suppliers, partners, and other channels throughout its cocoa supply chain. Nestlà © will also collaborate closely with the Ivorian government to eradicate the use of child labor in their cocoa supply chain. This is the first step of many coming from the Nestlà © Corporation, and I believe that with these new programs and teaming up with the local government they can cut down on the unethical practice of employing children. Many companies are increasing their focus on ethical behavior more and more. The example above shows unethical practices that happen outside of the United States. However, there are a vast amount of unethical practices that occur in the states as well. When you are hired as an employee, you’re entrusted with the company’s secrets and relationships. However, personal relationships may seem to cloud your judgment when it comes to decision making for your firm. Conflicts of interests can occur in many areas of the supply chain, and it is important that you try to avoid or mediate the potential conflicts that come with them. An example which I ran into this summer in my internship was receiving gifts from suppliers. While working for a transportation brokerage company this summer we were sent gifts , such as pens, pencils, coupons, and clocks. This can obviously be seen as a conflict of interest. My boss made it specifically clear that if any of us were to receive any gifts that we should alert him immediately to assess the situation. Not only can giving or receiving gifts be seen as a conflict of interest, but family relationships, investments, and the use of company resources can also be viewed as conflicts of interests. Employees should not feel pressured to report any of these possible conflicts of interests, but many of them fear for the safety of their job. Companies have been providing a variety of means to counteract some of these unethical behaviors. One of the easiest ways to prevent unethical behavior in the supply chain is to lead by example. Now this may sound like it is a given, but many managers do not make ethical decisions. This brings be back to the three types of ethical approaches I discussed earlier in my paper. A manager should use all 3 ethical approa ches in his management style, and he must make an ethical decision that help the individual, company, and the environment. However, the power should not be in the hands of only one person in your company. An excellent way to cut down on unethical practices is to create a system of checks and balances within your company. This will allow multiple employees the opportunity to voice their opinions on a matter and to determine if the solution or situation is ethical. This can be very beneficial in the procurement, sourcing, and outsourcing business practices in a supply chain. In an article written by Rob Handfield, it states 3 methods that many companies have incorporated in their reporting procedures. The three methods used are self-reporting, internet/email, and an ethics hotline. The three methods are shown below: Self-reporting – Process relies on employees to report any potential conflicts of interest that they may face. Typically a verbal notification system between an employee and his supervisor (Handfield, 2004). Ethics hotline is a hotline that allow employees to anonymously report when they observe fellow employees or management engaging in unethical behavior† (Handfield, 2004). Internet/Email – many companies have developed an anonymous reporting system via email or internet submission. Employees have the ability to report conflicts of interest or any other ethical behaviors to an email account, which allows the reporter to be anonymous (Handfield, 2004). These potential programs are only a handful that companies could use. It is critical for a company to have programs to counteract unethical practices. A company’s image can be drastically affected by an unethical decision it has made. Although these programs may cost the company more in the short run, it could potentially save them millions in the future. Consumers, investors, business partners, and stakeholders expect a company and its entire supply chain line to be ethical. It is known that the longer a supply chain is, the larger amount of risk that usually comes with it. The product must go through multiple suppliers before getting to the end customer. Implementing only a couple of these programs and establishing a supply chain ethics team could be very beneficial. This team would only focus on the companies supply chain and the decisions that they make. They would closely monitor suppliers and establish an audit team that would show up unannounced. Effective auditing no t only sends a strong message to suppliers, it increases transparency and helps identify problems that need remedying. Whilst the cost of a thorough auditing process may seem prohibitive in the short-term, the long-term benefits of a well-designed process will almost always pay off (Seal, 2013). Combating unethical behaviors is a challenge and takes a considerable amount of time and effort. However, the reward of having a company that is known for being highly ethical in its practices can improve your profits, image, and supplier relationships. After researching the various types of ethical approaches, unethical practices used in the supply chain, and the potential programs to counteract unethical practices I believe that companies should begin to actually adopt the outlook of placing ethics over profits. An example of switching over to this perspective of putting ethics over profits is by using suppliers that are known for having safe and suitable products. This will allow consu mers to see the company as a trusted partner that prides themselves on raising the standards in their industry, while producing quality and safe product. Many companies are seeking to find the most efficient and lowest cost methods to build and deliver their products. However, many of these companies fail to take into account if the decisions are ethical or unethical. Thus, companies should begin to focus more on their overall supply chain and to place more emphasis on ethics over profits.

Afghanistan After The Soviet Afghan War - 2245 Words

â€Å"Long before the Roussi army marched into Afghanistan, long before villages were burned and schools destroyed, long before mines were planted like seeds of death and children buried in rock-piled graves,† Afghanistan was in its Golden Age (Hosseini 136). A time before it was an â€Å"ungovernable collection of tribes† and mini-states, a time where warlords and fundamentalists were not overpowering the government, Afghanistan stood as a country of ethnic harmony and the city of Kabul was known as â€Å"the Paris of Central Asia† (Bumiller). Women were going to school and tourists were able to adventure Afghanistan’s snow-capped mountains without worry. Sadly, in December 1979, Afghanistan awoke with sounds of gunfire and an invasion had begun by the Soviet Union. The families who had the money to flee the danger zone, quickly packed their belongings and left their homes behind, hoping to return someday. After the Soviet-Afghan war was at an end, the year 1996 brought about an Islamic student militia called the Taliban. During this time period of war and destruction, children were lost in a whole new world and stolen of their purity. In Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, he tells a powerful and cruel story through the eyes of Amir’s life (the main character) starting from when children’s lives consisted of flying kites and exploring the city’s streets freely, to an era where children were in run down orphanages or begging for money on the streets to help support theirShow MoreRelatedSoviet-Afghan War Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan on December 1979, the goal was to help Afghan communist forces set up a communist government. The Soviet Union felt Afghanistan had key resources and a foothold in the Middle East to spread communist ideas. The result would be a war that the Soviet Union wishes it never got involved in and likened to their â€Å"Vietnam War †, meaning winning a number of battles but not the war like what happened to the U.S. in Vietnam. The background of the war, outcome of theRead MoreThe Beginning of the End for the Cold War1228 Words   |  5 PagesDeclining economy and diminishing legitimacy of the Soviet system at domestic level did play a crucial role, however, many realist believe that it was the US especially President Regan’s policies (Regan Doctrine) which concluded the Cold War contest with victory for the west. Kegley believes that by engaging Moscow in an arm race, the Soviet Union was dragged into a competition which exhausted their already fragile economy leading them initially into retrenchment and ultimately out of the contestRead MoreAfghanistan After The Soviet Union1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Taliban arose in Afghanistan at the beginning of 1994. They started to gain power after the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan in 1978 and left around the 1980’s. After the Soviet Union lef t Afghanistan the Taliban gained power resulting in a civil war. This rise of the Taliban was not a positive event in Afghanistan, it has caused problems that are still in occurrence today. Because of the Taliban the Afghan people are having to flee their country in order to be safe, or stay home and fight forRead MoreAfghanistan’S Strategic Geographic Location Made It The1215 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral great powers. Afghanistan is located in Central and South Asia has be involved with invasion and war for centuries because Afghanistan was an essential location in ancient times because the Silk Road passed through it. Empires like Mauyra Empire of India, Alexander the Great of Greece, Umar, an Arab Caliphate, Genghis Khan of Mongolia, Mughal Empire of Indian and many more past empires invaded Afghanistan. However, they were never able to control the all part of Afghanistan at the same time.Read MoreAfghanistan Is Like A Goat On Which The Lion And The Bear Have Both Fixed T heir Eyes?1466 Words   |  6 PagesAfghanistan , a buffer state between two super powers in the first half of 20th century, was pulled into war during the latter half, first against the USSR and then against the local rival groups or militias. The 21st century yet again brought this country into another conflict. This time it was the West led by the Americans and their puppet Pakistan, the former allies in driving out Russia from Afghanistan. The traditional buffer state of Afghanistan, due to its location at the cross roads of AsiaRead MoreWhat Is The Afghani Experience With The Soviet Union? How Different From Ca?1628 Words   |  7 PagesNiazi Poli-Sci 318 Prof. Huffman November 12, 2016 Afghanistan til September 11, 2001 the Northern Alliance had lost almost all footing in Afghanistan. Post 9/11 Afghanistan became a hotspot for terrorism, the Taliban support for Al-Qaeda(group responsible for 9/11) and their loyalty to Osama Bin Laden made way for the US to intervene. The US made allies with the Northern Alliance and helped diminish Taliban forces. Today Afghanistan is still war torn throughout and full of corruption, all whileRead MoreWhat Is The Afghani Experience With The Soviet Union? How Different From Ca?1542 Words   |  7 Pages2. What is the Afghani experience with the Soviet Union? How different from CA? The Afghani experience with the Soviet Union is nothing like Central Asian-Russian relations. Ideologically Russia had the same goal for both Central Asia and Afghanistan, hoping that one day both Central Asia and Afghanistan will eventually become Communist nations. The route chose to accomplish this goal did not pan out as planned. Central Asian countries were first invaded in 1715 and again in 1865, there was littleRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan1704 Words   |  7 PagesRepublic of Afghanistan has faced numerous invasions, a series of civil wars and enormous bloodshed. In 1978 the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in a coup against President Mohamed Daoud in what is known as the Saur Revolution. This revolution is said to be the catalyst for upheaval and armed resistance that would follow for the next 20 years. Opposition of the communist regime resulted in the rise of guerilla mujahideen forces that quickly escalated into a civil war. The SovietRead MoreOperation Cyclone : The United States Central Intelligence Agency ( Cia ) Program1452 Words   |  6 Pageswarriors in Afghanistan .The program inclined vigorously towards supporting activist Islamic gatherings that were supported by the administration of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in neighboring Pakistan. Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most costly secret CIA operations ever attempted. Subsidizing proceeded after 1989 as the mujahideen fought the strengths of Mohammad Najibullah s PDPA amid the common war in Afghanistan. Nur Muhammad Taraki communist supporters, seized control in Afghanistan on 1978Read MoreIslamic State For The Global Terrorism Index1746 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Global Terrorism Index, almost 18,000 deaths accord in 2013 which is a 60% increase from 2012. The 4 major groups responsible for these deaths are: Islamic State (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria, Boko Haram in Nigeria, the Taliban in Afghanistan and al-Qaida in various parts of the world. Steve Killelea, the executive director of the Institute for Economics and Peace stated in 2014, â€Å"significant and worrying increase in worldwide terrorism†. He also stated that, â€Å"what beheading a westerner

Networking Models In Flying Ad Hoc Networks â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Networking Models In Flying Ad Hoc Networks? Answer: Intorducation Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) refers to the delivery of services to long mile wireless broadband access (Bernardos et al., 2014). It provides both multipoint and applications. It has able to improve the network security during transmission to last mile. WiMax uses three data encryption standards for protecting the data and information. WiMax uses Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP) to encrypt all traffic on its network (Makris, Skoutas Skianis, 2013). The data encryption standards used by WiMax is described as below: Triple DES used to implement original Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm, hackers used for figuring out how to vanquish effortlessly. Triple DES was important standard and most used symmetric algorithm in organization (Osseiran et al., 2014). Triple DES uses three different keys that are 56 bits each. The key length is 168 bits; researchers would suggest that 112-bits in key quality is more similar to it. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is algorithm trusted as standard by the U.S. Government. It is used in 128-piece frame. AES uses keys of 192 and 256 bits for encryption purposes (Sahingoz, 2014). It is used in many cases in the organization for providing security to the data and security of the business organization. RSA is a key encryption algorithm and standard for encrypting transmitted on Internet. RSA is used as an asymmetric algorithm because of its uses of a couple of keys (Viani et al., 2013). The key is an algorithm that is use to encrypt message. There is a private key to decode it. The limitation of RSA encryption is a data that takes aggressors a lot of time. The two examples of WPAN technologies are Bluetooth and Zigbee. There are various security challenges in the Bluetooth devices and technology. There are various attacks against confidentiality and data integrity (Ayyash et al., 2016). Bluetooth does not provide native client verification. The authorization of the Bluetooth device is not done that causes explicit behavior of other connected devices. There is a huge threat of DoS attacks on the Bluetooth devices during transmission of data and information. There can be malicious entry of external parties during the transmission process of data and information. The sensitive data and information might be damaged and corrupted during the wireless transmission. Bluesnarfing is a threat to this technology that allows the attackers to increase the use of the Bluetooth enabled devices. It looks for the IMEI number of the Bluetooth devices and get connected through this. After connecting with the parent Bluetooth devices, the connected device breaches all the data and information from the Bluetooth device. Bluejacking causes data breach from the Bluetooth enabled mobile phones. The attacker starts the bluejacking by sending false message to the mobile phones (Jiang et al., 2017). These span messages and phishing mail causes damage to the mobile phones. ZigBee is a wireless communication with low power and low-rate that aims to provide cryptographic keys for security. The link between the two devices is maintained by the security orotocol of the ZigBee. There are various physical attacks on the ZigBee radio regarding the frequency breach (Osseiran et al., 2014). The data packets collected during the wireless communication ca be breached. Shaikh, Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. This paper deals with the harvesting of energy in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). WSN consist of large number of static sensor nodes that helps in low processing. There are various sources of energy for the WSNs including Radio Frequency-based energy harvesting, Solar-based energy harvesting, Thermal-based Energy Harvesting and Flow-based energy harvesting. There are various approaches discussed in the paper for the energy harvesting. As argued by (), the energy harvesting system might cause damage to the ecological balance of the nature. The harvesting from different sources causes depletion of the resources in the environment. Choochaisri, Apicharttrisorn Intanagonwiwat, (2017) argued that log lasting devices consumes more battery and causes energy draining. The energy-efficient reliable systems provides benefit to the users in the form of ultra-energy efficient sensors. Ulukus, Sennur, et al. "Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381. This paper discusses about the new technologies implemented in the energy-harvesting sector. As commented by Fontes et al., (2017), the new advances in the energy harvesting have changed the traditional scenario of energy harvesting. There are various potential model used in recent market for energy harvesting. On the other hand, Choochaisri, Apicharttrisorn Intanagonwiwat, (2017) argued that the use of the modern techniques in the energy harvesting have increases the initial cost of various energy sources and also depleting the natural resources. Various equations and theories discussed in the paper that utilizes the traditional concept of energy harvesting and converting it into modern technology (Osseiran et al., 2014). The possible improvement in the traditional theory has been upgraded into modern tactics. The VLSI model is used for understanding the complexity and energy of decoding and encoding in system. References Ayyash, M., Elgala, H., Khreishah, A., Jungnickel, V., Little, T., Shao, S., ... Freund, R. (2016). Coexistence of WiFi and LiFi toward 5G: Concepts, opportunities, and challenges.IEEE Communications Magazine,54(2), 64-71. Bernardos, C. J., De La Oliva, A., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L. M., Jin, H., Ziga, J. C. (2014). An architecture for software defined wireless networking.IEEE wireless communications,21(3), 52-61. Choochaisri, S., Apicharttrisorn, K., Intanagonwiwat, C. (2017). Stable Desynchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks:(I) Concepts and Algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.07002. Fontes, R. D. R., Mahfoudi, M., Dabbous, W., Turletti, T., Rothenberg, C. (2017). How Far Can We Go? Towards Realistic Software-Defined Wireless Networking Experiments.The Computer Journal, 1-14. Jiang, C., Zhang, H., Ren, Y., Han, Z., Chen, K. C., Hanzo, L. (2017). Machine learning paradigms for next-generation wireless networks.IEEE Wireless Communications,24(2), 98-105. Makris, P., Skoutas, D. N., Skianis, C. (2013). A survey on context-aware mobile and wireless networking: On networking and computing environments' integration.IEEE communications surveys tutorials,15(1), 362-386. Osseiran, A., Boccardi, F., Braun, V., Kusume, K., Marsch, P., Maternia, M., ... Tullberg, H. (2014). Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project.IEEE Communications Magazine,52(5), 26-35. Sahingoz, O. K. (2014). Networking models in flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): Concepts and challenges.Journal of Intelligent Robotic Systems,74(1-2), 513. Viani, F., Robol, F., Polo, A., Rocca, P., Oliveri, G., Massa, A. (2013). Wireless architectures for heterogeneous sensing in smart home applications: Concepts and real implementation.Proceedings of the IEEE,101(11), 2381-2396.

A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska Essay Example

A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska Paper In relation to this, the authors present situations wherein it is allowable to request an employee to submit to drug testing but again it may not be required of the employee. Also prohibited are the use of coercive measures to make the employee submit to drug testing such as the threat of losing employment or even certain employment benefits. It must be pointed out that while the authors do take a stand for the protection of the privacy of employees, the arguments that have been presented must be rejected for lack of sufficient basis and alternatives for the following reasons. First of all, no right, even those granted by the constitution, is absolute. Every right that a person is granted is always subject to certain limitations and restrictions. In the same way that a person’s right to privacy may be invaded on the strength of a search warrant. The setting of being in a workplace is not so much different that it is capable of being given a different treatment. In fact, more restrictions on the right to privacy can even be imposed because of the setting. It must be remembered that in the sphere of human rights, there is a correlation between the rights of one individual and that of another. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One is only free to act within the bounds of his privacy or rights as long as such acts do not unduly or excessively interfere with the rights of other people. As the authors would argue, drug testing can be implemented but the participation by the employees must be voluntary. This view cannot be sustained in line with the argument that no right is absolute. The reason behind this is that there is a greater concern behind all of this and this is public safety. While it may be a restraint on one’s privacy, it is for a greater cause; a cause that everyone in the country has submitted to and vowed to uphold. The second and perhaps more compelling reason why drug testing should not be made voluntary is the fact that it does not technically violate the constitutional right to privacy. The authors extend the coverage of the right to privacy to drug testing. In a long line of cases decided upon by the United States Supreme Court, it has been consistently held that physical testing of an individual can be compelled. There is no violation of the right to privacy in this case unless the test was carried out without due process. In this case, requiring an employee who is suspected of taking harmful drugs or those that can affect work performance can be required without worry of violating the employee’s right to privacy. While the arguments presented by the authors are not clearly substantiated in the article, the must, however, still be lauded for their efforts in trying to uphold the individual’s right to privacy. Drug testing can be used as a means of harassing employees or even as a way of firing those employees who are unsatisfactory without going through the entire legal process of giving notice. No legal system, no business model is perfect. There will always be a struggle between rights of employees and that of the employers. The solution may or may not be far away but one thing remains clear. Until and unless a certain compromise can be made to thus balance these corresponding rights there will be more controversy surrounding this issue. The employee is already well protected under the Labor Laws of this land and his effort is greatly appreciated yet one must also consider that without the employer or capital most of these employees would not have any jobs at all.

Media, Capitalism, etc. essays

Media, Capitalism, etc. essays 1. Several of our commentators have suggested that the media engage in self-censorship. What does this mean and how is it accomplished? Self-censorship is one of the least discussed, and most routine, media constraints in the United States. The mass media are able to numb us, in a sense, dispensing anesthesia along with selected information. Stories that are damaging to the financial interests of news organizations, along with stories that go against the values of capitalism, democracy, and warfare are very intentionally avoided. No one needs to instruct the editor of a magazine dependent on cigarette-ad revenue not to launch a crusade against the tobacco industry; they already know not to do so. The news is filled with footage and descriptions of cruise missiles, F-117 Stealth bombers, F-16CJ jets and other ultramodern aircraft. Their awesome technical prowess is publicized in detail. But don't expect much coverage or description of exactly what happens to people when the bombs detonate, whom we are aiming to kill with the bombs, or of what the real reasons are behind the bombing. Meanwhile, media conflicts of interest are unacknowledged. For example, if Brokaw and his NBC News colleagues marvel at the exploits of F/A-18 Hornet jets, they don't mention that NBC's parent company, General Electric, produces the engine that goes into each one. One of the most powerful things that the media can do is persuade the population to view events, proposals, or agendas in a liberal or conservative manner. Media organizations do not cover assignments factually, fairly, or fully, resulting in a bias in their coverage when it comes to political subjects and more. The power of mass media to persuade the population cannot be understated. If the media gives greater coverage, or sensationalizes only one theory, the population sways in the direction of the information supplied. The same is true for downplaying, or covert negativity ...

REFLECTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

REFLECTION - Essay Example However, the persuasive lesson encourages me to use knowledge and skill that I had not realized that I already have. Nonetheless, the classroom games were the basic concepts that introduced me to the basic concepts for convincing or lobbying for something I deemed indispensable for me or rather something I needed from my fellow student through persuasive arguments or reasoning. Additionally, during the course, I learnt to choose my own persuasive words and statements towards analyzing different definitions associated with persuasive techniques (Souter and Billout, 2007). After learning the different persuasive techniques applied in oral argument, I am now capable to apply different, independent persuasive techniques in different writing activities as well as in analyzing other students’ works in line with their effective use of persuasive techniques. Despite the technicality in the strategies used in developing persuasive writing, the course taught me numerous, persuasive strategies toward effective, persuasive writing. Among the most vital persuasive wring strategies is the understanding the concepts of the subject (Souter and Billout, 2007). I achieved this technique through listening and analyzing various persuasive speeches and writings that were found in other media of communication including the newspaper, television, magazines, and internet. Through reading and use of these media of communication, I learnt to look for words, word phrases, and persuasive writing techniques including reasoning, counterarguments, repetitions, and comparisons. These techniques improved my reading and thinking skills (Souter and Billout, 2007). Other essential element of persuasive writing that I learnt during the course is the breaking down persuasive elements either to be used in a speech or writing. The essence of breaking persuasive elements is to have a clear introduction to the argument (Souter and Billout, 2007). Moreover, I through this requirement,

Toxin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toxin - Research Paper Example Ingestion of arsenic in the development stage of the nervous system results in the neurites’ growth being inhibited (CDC, 2011). This is due to the formation of arsenite, which is an arsenic metabolite that forms within 24 hours of ingestion. The arsenite toxic mechanism is to create an increased level of calcium ion levels between neurons that causes the transmembrane potential of the mitochondria to reduce which brings about death of the cell as an eventuality due to caspases (CDC, 2011). Many drugs may result in the manifestation of cardiovascular effects in the form of changes in blood pressure and heart rate (Kacew & Lee, B. 2013). However, the ingestion of some of these substances in significant amounts may result in them having toxic characteristics of the cardiovascular system. Digoxin is one such compound. This is a form of cardiac glycoside that is purified after the extraction from the foxglove plant. The compound is used in the treatment of heart diseases in regulating amounts. However, acute over dosage results in the development of marked bradycardia with the prolongation of the QRS and PR (Thanacoody & Waring, 2008). The toxicity of the compound is similar to arsenic as it affects concentrations of calcium in cells. The compound introduction to the cardiovascular system in vast quantities results conducting and myocardial tissues’ inhibition of ATPase pump of Na+/K+ (Thanacoody & Waring, 2008). This property leads to a reduction in the intracellul ar efflux of calcium through the exchange mechanisms of Na+/Ca2+. The effect is an increase in the calcium intracellular concentrations. That manifests in the form of marked bradycardia (Thanacoody & Waring, 2008). It is also associated with sinus arrests and haemodynamic instability due to varying atrioventricular block degrees. Cadmium is also a toxic substance to the body. However, its toxicity has to do with the endocrine system. The endocrine system is the system of glands

A Perspective of Cultural Conflict in Classroom Essay Example for Free

A Perspective of Cultural Conflict in Classroom Essay This paper draws from the understanding that cultural differences and imbalance has extensively repressed the process of learning as well as literacy development. This factor is evident by the continual differential treatment of teachers on white and black children thus affecting the progress of colored children in literacy development. Learning literacy encompass the efforts employed by the teacher to help the child develop reading and writing skill in the second language. As such, this process occurs within the threshold of culture and is influenced by social factors ranging from the belief of the teacher and the ability of the children to literary skills. The evaluation of methods of literacy practice help in deigning validity and reliability of the instruments of instruction used in literacy acquisition and development amid cultural differences and conflicts reflects an element that formulates an important factor in situations where the teacher and his beliefs as well as the literacy practice extensively leverages the varying degrees of the whole language. Introduction Literacy acquisition and development is a pedagogical aspect that begins long before children commence their formal education as well as formal school instruction. During these years, children acquire skills and knowledge that are typified by literate behavior in a setting that is guided by socio-cultural manifestations. The whole process is influenced by a number of factors ranging from cultural implications, the beliefs of the teacher and the instruction methods for literacy practice. The teacher should emphasize on the development of literacy as a process that is ongoing, and through a classroom learning environment. This means that for the efficiency of literacy acquisition development, all aspects of literacy must develop simultaneously, with the language and literacy sharing similar features hence allowing students to encounter a natural hierarchy to the stages of development. Methods of Literacy Practice The complexity of literacy development rests on the pedestal of the children’s ability to effectively read and write in English as the formed literate culture. Delpit argues that our cultures and communities lay the basis on which differences in instructing children as they learn new language is evidenced (Delpit, 2006). This cultural bias and weakness presents a conflict which should be resolved by the teacher’s attempt to maximize the educational potential of children from colored racial background.   The teacher and his belief about literacy development play a significant role in the entire process of literacy and language development.   There is an interrelationship between literacy and language such that, the teacher should base his instruction on language; which plays a key role in building the foundation for reading and not on the racial backgrounds. Accordingly, the teacher should use the method of immersion to enable children develop literacy by being surrounded by spoken language. In so doing, children will not only learners to talk but will also encounter print language in charts labels and stories and an organized library which enables students to read and write in areas of the   print language. In addition, it is plausible to note that as a teacher, it is vital to use   a practical method of   instruction that help children demonstrate the literacy skill being learned in a context where the teacher uses good classroom management to root out racial power imbalance that exist in classrooms. As such, this should be done both in classroom and outside classroom situations. For example, Delpit contends that when people around children use language positively, things happen positively. Ideally, language, which the backbone of literacy, become part of life around children (Delpit,2006). This out of classroom situation means that a teacher should emphasis on the importance of language which is mirrored through books, literacy events and writing and thus children will learn the language at home, in town and in the villages where they are. In a classroom setting, demonstration of literacy skills should be enhanced by the teacher through modeling where children learn the four skills of language such as reading skills, writing skills, speaking skills and listening skills throughout the day. In this way, children will acquire and develop literacy skills by observing purposeful literacy in a myriad of ways. Furthermore, the teacher should advise parents to highly expect their children to talk thus relieving the whole process the pressure and tension of literacy development from learning in an environment that is cultural conflict. The teacher works on helping the students to learn literacy skills by working on these skills at appropriate levels. As a result, a teacher should provide children with enough materials that match their literacy levels and by catering for individualized differences; a teacher sets the pace of developing literacy skills thus structuring the class with expectation of leaning. To illustrate, the ways by which people respond and react during a conversation influences the behavior of a child and usually non verbal expressions such as smiles, cuddles and other remarks creates a verbal interaction that shapes the development of literacy. Therefore, acquiring and developing literacy skills does occur anywhere; at home, in groups, with relatives among others and this natural way should be used in helping the process of literacy acquisition and development. With the classroom, the teacher should create a collaborative learning environment where children have the opportunity to provide positive feedbacks to their peers which specifically is encouraging and constructive in terms of learning literacy skills. With regard to this, little children should be engaged in learning whether at home or in school the teacher should help the children to aim at better speaking skills, reading skills, writing skills and listening skills at school in activities that help them to make sense of their acquired literacy knowledge and skills. Racial, class, ethnic and gender conflicts influence the quantity of literacy instruction in a racially mixed class. However, a teacher should influence children and parents from disfranchised cultural groups to develop measures of subverting negative pressure dominant group. Delpit notes that the community environment as well as home leverages the literacy development of a child. As such, schools, homes, families and classroom are learning environments situated in the community. In this case, the out of class element extensively influences learning opportunities and gives a chance to take part in the process of literacy acquisition and development of their child (Delpit, 2006). Significantly, this narrows down to a cultural aspect in learning and impacts on the literacy development children acquire. For example, a child from a poverty stricken neighborhood encounters a disintegrated learning environment and owing to the fact they are likely to be face social emotional and behavioral conditions that are strong makes them develop non Standard English hence their literacy skills being interfered with. In addition, Delpit contends that the culture and environment directly relate to the ability of the child to develop vocabulary skills and thus the literacy development at kindergarten should be well structured because it determines how the child’s academic achievement varies in school and classroom. Children’s, socio behavioral, emotional self regulations are viewed within the precincts of cultural orientations   and all these are influenced by homes, families, schools and society at large. On this ground, Delpit postulates that the development of a child’s literacy skills should be allowed to take place at all times and in every place (Delpit, 2006). Accordingly, literacy is construed to be composite of varied dimensions that transcend the boundaries of classroom and society and this interplay strongly affect the learning opportunities that children are presented with both at home and in school. In light of this, there is considerable evidence that shows that proficient literacy obligate that children must have strong foundation in oral language; an element that borders phonological and vocabulary skills as well as the overall language skills which is basically determined by the cultural orientations. This falls in the wider dimension of influencing how a child demonstrates systematic and explicit ways of decoding, comprehending and writing language which is greatly impacted by the cultural base of the child. Due to the cultural influence in learning language and literacy skills, the preschool experience forms an important factor in the acquisition and development of literacy skills. Therefore, it has been speculated that achieving this learning element depends on the social economic status of the child’s family. Accordingly, children form less fortunate families begin their literacy levels late and without financial ability to buy literacy resource, many children from such backgrounds become literate very late. As such, the teacher should come to the aid of this group of children by working out a correlation that will improve home and classroom learning environment through what is inarguably called direct parent training and education. In essence, Delpit portends that parents from such economic thresholds should strongly embrace the concept of early preschool interventions in a bid to socially and academically make a vital difference in the literacy acquisition and development of their children. Similarly, the classroom environment influences the belief and mindsets of a teacher in their literacy development instruction. In essence, the attitude of the teacher over the children he is instruction posses a shared characteristic that   is marked by a safe and orderly environment high expectations for the literacy achievement of the students, strong educational leadership, the amount of time given to literacy instruction classroom management and available methods of evaluations and instructions. Accordingly, a flexible and homogenous literacy skill provides a more successful effect on reading, speaking and writing thus making the instruction children receive in the class more substantially. However, in the event of a heterogeneous literacy skill, it becomes difficult as the teacher to have clear cut expectations on the literacy achievement thus his beliefs may not allow him to substantially provide instruction that enhances literacy awareness. For the most vulnerable children in the black American community, the development of literacy skills is under certain progression challenges such as underachievement but Delpit shows that the social and motional support offered by the teacher creates a climate that leads to the efficiency in building literacy levels of children from multicultural backgrounds. The classroom setting should provide a highly social, emotional support and the teacher should therefore come in with a n instructional support which will systematically a stronger child literacy development and social outcomes. Particularly, such learning environment become important for children from the back community because they are typical of social problems and during the development of literacy skills, they may exhibit weak social skills. The engagement of children in different learning environment helps boots their motivation to learn and this contributes to their literacy growth. Conclusion From the foregoing discussion, it is evident that the type and amount of literacy instructions that a teacher should give to children in classroom and the continuous learning of literacy skills at home and in the society facilitates a constant and systematic literacy growth. Accordingly this involves a combination of methods that range from code focused strategies o holistic and meaning strategies prove to be the effective models of enhancing literacy development. Teachers therefore should use sustained interventions that range form intensive and balanced pedagogical aspects in literacy acquisition and development. Teachers therefore need to structure the instructional designs on the structure of the language and other social cultural elements that aids in the acquisition of literacy skills. Reference   Delpit, L (2006) Other People’s Children: Cultural Conflict in Classroom. New York: News press

hazards of volcanos :: essays research papers

Volcanoe's Parts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flank   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conduit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resevoir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crater   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Base   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hazards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Sulfur Dioxide gas creates air pollution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that irritates skin, nose, throat, and eyes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Carbon Dioxide is so concentrated that it kills animals and humans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Acid rain that some times takes the form of Hydrochloric acid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments, often resembles a flow of concrete   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hundreds of meters wide, tens of meters deep   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - flows at several tens of meters a second (too fast to outrun)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Landslides   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - large rocks or debris falling rapidly downhill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - if the landslide contains enough water it will transform into a Lahar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava flows   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - lava thats errupted during non explosive periods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can travel up to 10 km / hour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can result in lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pyroclastic Flows   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - high density mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that move at high speeds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can result from non explosive or explosive periods of the volcano's history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can result in lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tephra   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - gas clouds that are carried several hundreds of kilometers from the vent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can disrupt machinery and lives very far away from the volcanoe Parts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flank   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conduit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resevoir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crater   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Base   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hazards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Sulfur Dioxide gas creates air pollution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that irritates skin, nose, throat, and eyes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Carbon Dioxide is so concentrated that it kills animals and humans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Acid rain that some times takes the form of Hydrochloric acid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments, often resembles a flow of concrete   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hundreds of meters wide, tens of meters deep   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - flows at several tens of meters a second (too fast to outrun)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Landslides   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - large rocks or debris falling rapidly downhill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - if the landslide contains enough water it will transform into a Lahar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava flows   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - lava thats errupted during non explosive periods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can travel up to 10 km / hour

Fool Chapter 10

TEN ALL YOUR DREAD PLEASURES The sky threatened a dismal dawn as we reached Castle Albany. The drawbridge was up. â€Å"Who goes there?† shouted the sentry. â€Å"‘Tis Lear's fool, Pocket, and his man at arms, Caius.† Caius is the name the witches gave Kent to use to bind his disguise. They'd cast a glamour on him: his beard and hair were now jet black, as if by nature, not soot, his face lean and weathered, only his eyes, as brown and gentle as a moo cow's, showed the real Kent. I advised him to pull down the wide brim of his hat should we encounter old acquaintances. â€Å"Where in bloody hell have you been?† asked the sentry. He signaled and the bridge ground down. â€Å"The old king's nearly torn the county apart looking for you. Accused our lady of tying a rock to you and casting you in the North Sea, he did.† â€Å"Seems a spot o' bother. I must have grown in her esteem. Just last night she was only going to hang me.† â€Å"Last night? You drunken sot, we've been looking for you for a month.† I looked at Kent and he at me, then we at the sentry. â€Å"A month?† â€Å"Bloody witches,† said Kent under his breath. â€Å"If you turn up we're to take you to our lady immediately,† said the sentry. â€Å"Oh, please do, gentle guard, your lady does so love seeing me at first light.† The sentry scratched his beard and seemed to be thinking. â€Å"Well spoken, fool. Perhaps you lot could do with some breakfast and a wash-up before I take you to my lady.† The drawbridge thumped into place. I led Kent across, and the sentry met us by the inner gate. â€Å"Beggin' your pardon, sir,† the sentry said, directing his speech to Kent. â€Å"You wouldn't mind waiting until eight bells to reveal the fool's return, would you?† â€Å"That when you're off watch, lad?† â€Å"Aye, sir. I'm not sure I want to be the bearer of the joyous news of the wayward fool's arrival. The king's knights have been raising rabble round the castle for a fortnight and I've heard our lady cursing the Black Fool as part of the cause.† â€Å"Blamed even in my absence?† said I. â€Å"I told you, Caius, she adores me.† Kent patted the sentry on the shoulder. â€Å"We'll escort ourselves, lad, and tell your lady we came through the gate with the merchants in the morning. Now, back to your post.† â€Å"Thank you, good sir. But for your rough clothes, I'd take you for a gentleman.† â€Å"But for my clothes, I'd be one,† said Kent, his grin a dazzle amid his newly-black beard. â€Å"Oh, for fuck's sake, would you two just have a gobble on each other's knob and be done with it,† said I. The two soldiers leapt back as if each was on fire. â€Å"Sorry, just having you on,† said I, as I breezed by them and into the castle. â€Å"You poofters are such a sensitive lot.† â€Å"I'm not a poofter,† said Kent as we approached Goneril's chambers. Midmorning. The time in between allowed us to eat, wash, do some writing, and ascertain that we had, indeed, been gone for over a month, despite it seeming only overnight to us. Perhaps that was the hags' payment? To extract a month from our lives in exchange for the spells, potions, and prognostication – it seemed a fair price, but bloody complicated to explain. Oswald sat at a scribe's desk outside the duchess's chambers. I laughed and wagged Jones under his nose. â€Å"Still guarding the door like a common footman, then, Oswald? Oh, the years have been good to you.† Oswald wore only a dagger at his belt, no sword, but his hand fell to it as he stood. Kent dropped his hand to his sword and shook his head gravely. Oswald sat back down on his stool. â€Å"I'll have you know that I'm both steward and chamberlain, as well as trusted adviser to the duchess.† â€Å"A veritable quiver of titles she's given you to sling. Tell me, do you still answer to toady and catch-fart, or are those titles only honorary now?† â€Å"All better than common fool,† Oswald spat. â€Å"True, I am a fool, and also true, I am common, but I am no common fool, catch-fart. I am the Black Fool, I have been sent for, and I shall be given entry to your lady's chambers, while you, fool, sit by the door. Announce me.† I believe Oswald growled then. A new trick he'd learned since the old days. He'd always tried to cast my title as an insult, and boiled that I took it as a tribute. Would he ever understand that he found favor with Goneril not because of his groveling or devotion, but because he was so easily humiliated? Good, I suppose, that he'd learned to growl, beaten down dog that he was. He stormed through the heavy door, then returned a minute later. He would not look me in the eye. â€Å"My lady will see you now,† he said. â€Å"But only you. This ruffian can wait in the kitchen.† â€Å"Wait here, ruffian,† said I to Kent. â€Å"And make some effort not to bugger poor Oswald here, no matter how he should beg for it.† â€Å"I'm not a poofter,† said Kent. â€Å"Not with this villain, you're not,† said I. â€Å"His bum is property of the princess.† â€Å"I'll see you hanged, fool,† said Oswald. â€Å"Aroused by the thought, are you, Oswald? No matter, you'll not have my ruffian. Adieu.† Then I was through the doors, and into Goneril's chambers. Goneril sat to the back of a great, round room. Her quarters were housed in a full tower of the castle. Three floors: this hall for meeting and business, another floor above it would have rooms for her ladies, her wardrobe, bathing and dressing, the top would be where she slept and played, if she still played. â€Å"Do you still play, pumpkin?† I asked. I danced a tight-stepped jig and bowed. Goneril waved her ladies away. â€Å"Pocket, I'll have you – â€Å" â€Å"Oh, I know, hanged at dawn, head on a pike, guts for garters, drawn and quartered, impaled, disemboweled, beaten, and made into bangers and mash – all your dread pleasures visited on me with glorious cruelty – all stipulated, lady – duly noted and taken as truth. Now, how may a humble fool serve before his hour of doom descends?† She twisted up her lip as if to snarl, then burst out laughing and quickly looked around to make sure that no one saw her. â€Å"I will, you know – you horrible, wicked little man.† â€Å"Wicked? Moi?† said I in perfect fucking French. â€Å"Tell no one,† she said. It had always been that way with Goneril. Her â€Å"tell no one,† however, applied only to me, not to her, I had found out. â€Å"Pocket,† she once said, brushing her red-gold hair near a window, where it caught the sun and seemed to shine as if from within. She was perhaps seventeen then, and had gotten in the habit of calling me to her chambers several times a week and questioning me mercilessly. â€Å"Pocket, I am to be married soon, and I am mystified by man bits. I've heard them described, but that's not helping.† â€Å"Ask your nurse. Isn't she supposed to teach you about such things?† â€Å"Auntie's a nun, and married to Jesus. A virgin.† â€Å"You don't say? She went to the wrong bloody convent, then.† â€Å"I need to talk to a man, but not a proper man. You are like one of those fellows that Saracens have look over their harems.† â€Å"A eunuch?† â€Å"See, you are worldly and know of things. I need to see your willie.† â€Å"Pardon? What? Why?† â€Å"Because I've never seen one, and I don't want to seem naà ¯ve on my wedding night when the depraved brute ravages me.† â€Å"How do you know he's a depraved brute?† â€Å"Auntie told me. All men are. Now, out with your willie, fool.† â€Å"Why my willie? There's willies aplenty you can look at. What about Oswald? He may even have one, or knows where you can get hold of one, I'll wager.† (Oswald was her footman then.) â€Å"I know, but this is my first, and yours will be small and not so frightening. It's like when I was learning to ride, and first father gave me a pony, but then, as I got older†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"All right, then, shut up. Here.† â€Å"Oh, would you look at that.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"That's it, then?† â€Å"Yes. What?† â€Å"Nothing really to be afraid of then, was there? I don't know what all the fuss is about. It's rather pitiful if you ask me.† â€Å"It is not.† â€Å"Are they all this small?† â€Å"Most are smaller, in fact.† â€Å"May I touch it?† â€Å"If you feel you must.† â€Å"Well, would you look at that.† â€Å"See, now you've angered it.† â€Å"Where in God's name have you been?† she said. â€Å"Father's been a madman looking for you. He and his captain have gone out on patrol every day and well into the evening, leaving the rest of his knights to wreak havoc on the castle. My lord has sent soldiers as far as Edinburgh asking after you. I should have you drowned for all the worry you've caused.† â€Å"You did miss me, didn't you?† I cradled the silk purse at my belt, wondering when best to spring the spell. And once she was bewitched, how exactly would I use the power? â€Å"He was supposed to be in Regan's care, but by the time he moves his bloody hundred knights all the way to Cornwall it will be my turn again. I can't abide the rabble in my palace.† â€Å"What does Lord Albany say?† â€Å"He says what I tell him to say. It's all intolerable.† â€Å"Gloucester,† said I, offering the very model of a non sequitur wrapped in an enigma. â€Å"Gloucester?† asked the duchess. â€Å"The king's good friend is there. It's mid-way between here and Cornwall, and the Earl of Gloucester daren't deny the request of the dukes of both Albany and Cornwall. You wouldn't be leaving the king without care, yet you wouldn't have him underfoot, either.† With the witches' warning about Drool in danger there, I was determined for all the drama to descend on Gloucester. I sat down on the floor near her feet, held Jones across my knees, and waited, both I and the puppet wearing jolly grins. â€Å"Gloucester†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Goneril, letting a bit of a smile seep out. She really could be lovely when she forgot she was cruel. â€Å"Gloucester,† said Jones, â€Å"the dog's bollocks of western bloody Blighty.† â€Å"Do you think he'll agree to it? It's not how he laid out his legacy.† â€Å"He won't agree to Gloucester, but he'll agree to go to Regan's by way of Gloucester. The rest will be up to your sister.† Should I have felt myself a traitor? No, the old man brought this on himself. â€Å"But if he doesn't agree, and he has all these men?† She looked me in the eye now. â€Å"It's too much power in the hands of the feeble.† â€Å"And yet, he had all the power of the kingdom not two months ago.† â€Å"You've not seen him, Pocket. The legacy and banishment of Cordelia and Kent was just the beginning. Since you went away he's gotten worse. He searches for you, he hunts, he rails about his days as a soldier of Christ one minute, then calls to the gods of Nature the next. With a fighting force of that size – if he should feel that we've betrayed him – â€Å" â€Å"Take them,† said I. â€Å"What? I couldn't.† â€Å"You have seen my apprentice, Drool? He eats with his hands or with a spoon, we dare not let him have a knife or fork, lest the points imperil all.† â€Å"Don't be obtuse, Pocket. What of Father's knights?† â€Å"You pay them? Take them. For his own good. Lear with his train of knights is like a child running with a sword. Are you cruel to relieve him of deadly force, when he is neither strong enough, nor wise enough to wield it? Tell Lear he must dismiss fifty of his knights and their attendants and keep them here. Tell him they will be at his beck and call when he is in residence.† â€Å"Fifty? Just fifty?† â€Å"You must leave some for your sister. Send Oswald to Cornwall with your plan. Have Regan and Cornwall make haste to Gloucester so they are there upon Lear's arrival. Perhaps they can bring Gloucester into the fold. With Lear's knights dismissed, the two whitebeards can reminisce about their glory days and crawl together to the grave in peaceful nostalgia.† â€Å"Yes!† Goneril was becoming breathless now, excited. I'd seen it before. It wasn't always a good sign. â€Å"Quickly,† said I, â€Å"send Oswald to Regan while the sun is high.† â€Å"No!† Goneril sat forward quickly, her bosom nearly spilling out of her gown, which captured my attention more than her fingernails digging into my arm. â€Å"What?† said I, the bells of my coxcomb but a finger's breath from jingling her dcolletage.[30] â€Å"There is no peace for Lear in Gloucester. Haven't you heard? The earl's son Edgar is a traitor.† Had I heard? Had I heard? Of course, the bastard's plan was afoot. â€Å"Of course, lady, where do you think I've been?† â€Å"You've been all the way to Gloucester?† She was panting now. â€Å"Aye. And back. I've brought you something.† â€Å"A present?† She showed the delighted, wide grey-green eyes she'd had when she was a girl. â€Å"Perhaps I won't hang you, but punishment is due you, Pocket.† Then the lady grabbed me and pulled me across her lap, face-down. Jones rolled to the floor beside me. â€Å"Lady, perhaps – â€Å" Smack! â€Å"There, fool, I've hit it. Hit it. Hit it. Hit it. So give it. Give it. Give it.† A smack with every iamb.[31] â€Å"Bloody hell, you insane tart!† I squirmed. My ass burned with her handprint. Smack! â€Å"Oh good God!† said Goneril. â€Å"Yes!† She wiggled under me now. Smack! â€Å"Ouch! It's a letter! A letter,† said I. â€Å"I'll see your little bum as red as a rose!† Smack! I squirmed in her lap, turned, grabbed her bosoms and pulled myself upright until I was sitting in her lap. â€Å"Here.† I pulled the sealed parchment out of my jerkin and held it out. â€Å"Not yet!† said she, trying to roll me over and get back to smacking my bum. She honked my codpiece. â€Å"You honked my codpiece.† â€Å"Aye, give it up, fool.† She tried to get a hand under my codpiece. I reached into the silk purse and retrieved one of the puffballs as I tried to keep my manhood out of her grasp. I heard a door open. â€Å"Surrender the willie!† said the duchess. She had it then, there was nothing I could do. I squoze the puffball under her nose. â€Å"It's from Edmund of Gloucester,† said I. â€Å"Milady?† said Oswald, who was standing in the doorway. â€Å"Let us down, pumpkin,† said I. â€Å"The catch-fart needs his task set.† It all smacked of history. The game had progressed further that first day, when Oswald first interrupted us, all those years ago, but it had begun, as always, with one of Goneril's query sessions. â€Å"Pocket,† said she, â€Å"since you were raised in an abbey, I should think you know much about punishment.† â€Å"Aye, lady. I had my share, and it didn't end there. I still endure an inquisition almost daily in these very chambers.† â€Å"Gentle Pocket, surely you jest?† â€Å"That is part of the job, mum.† She stood then, and dismissed the ladies from her solar with a minor tantrum. When they were gone she said, â€Å"I've never been punished.† â€Å"Aye, lady, well, you're Christian, there's always time.† I'd left the Church with a curse after they walled up my anchoress and I was leaning heavily pagan at the time. â€Å"No one is allowed to strike me, so there's always been a girl to take my punishment for me. My spankings.† â€Å"Aye, mum, as it should be. Spare the royal withers and all.† â€Å"And I feel funny about it. Just last week I mentioned during mass that Regan might be a bit of a cunt, and my whipping girl was soundly spanked for it.† â€Å"Might as well have whipped her for your calling the sky blue, eh? A beating for talking truth, of course you felt funny about it.† â€Å"Not that kind of funny, Pocket. Funny like when you taught me about the little man in the boat.† It had been a verbal lesson only, shortly after she'd insisted I teach her about manly bits. But it had kept her amused, on and off, for a fortnight. â€Å"Oh, of course,† said I. â€Å"Funny.† â€Å"I need to be spanked,† said Goneril. â€Å"A constant, I'd agree, lady, but again we're declaring the sky blue, aren't we?† â€Å"I want to be spanked.† â€Å"Oh,† said I, eloquent and quick-witted rascal that I am. â€Å"That's different.† â€Å"By you,† said the Princess. â€Å"Fuckstockings,† I thus declared my doom. Well, by the time Oswald came into the room that first time, both the princess and I were as red-bottomed as Barbary monkeys, quite naked (except for my hat, which Goneril had donned) and administering rhythmically to each other's front sides. Oswald was somewhat less than discreet about it all. â€Å"Alarm! Alarm! My lady is ravaged by a fool! Alarm!† said Oswald, fleeing from the room, to raise the alarm through the castle. I caught up to Oswald as he entered the great hall, where Lear was sitting on his throne, Regan sitting at his feet to one side, doing needlepoint, Cordelia at the other, playing with a doll. â€Å"The fool has violated the princess!† Oswald announced. â€Å"Pocket!† said Cordelia, dropping her doll and running to my side, sporting a great, goofy grin. She was perhaps eight then. Oswald stepped in front of me. â€Å"I found the fool rutting the princess Goneril like a rapacious goat, sire.† â€Å"‘Tis not true, nuncle,† said I. â€Å"I was called to the lady's solar this morning only to jest her out of a morning funk, which can be smelt upon her breath if you have doubts.† At that point Goneril came running into the room, trying to arrange her skirts as she moved. She stopped beside me and curtsied before her father. She was breathless, barefoot, and one breast peeked Cyclopean out the bodice of her gown. I snatched my coxcomb off her head with a jingle and concealed it behind my back. â€Å"There, fresh as a flower,† said I. â€Å"Hello, sister,† said Cordelia. â€Å"Morning, lamb,† said Goneril, blindfolding the pink-eyed Cyclops with a quick tuck. Lear scratched his beard and glared at his eldest daughter. â€Å"What ho, daughter,† said he. â€Å"Hast thou shagged a fool?† â€Å"Methinks any wench who shags a man hath shagged a fool, Father.† â€Å"That was a distinct no,† said I. â€Å"What is shagged?† asked Cordelia. â€Å"I saw it,† said Oswald. â€Å"Shag a man and shag a fool, one is the same as another,† said Goneril. â€Å"But this morning I have your Fool shagged, righteous and rowdy. I bonked him until he cried out for gods and horses to pull me off.† What was this? Was she hoping for more punishment? â€Å"That is so,† said Oswald. â€Å"I heard the call.† â€Å"Shagged, shagged, shagged!† said Goneril. â€Å"Oh, what is this I feel? Tiny bastard fools stirring in my womb. I can hear their tiny bells.† â€Å"You lying tart,† said I. â€Å"A fool is no more born with bells than a princess with fangs, both must be earned.† Lear said, â€Å"If that were true, Pocket, I'd have a halberd run up your bum.† â€Å"You can't kill Pocket,† said Cordelia. â€Å"I'll need him to cheer me when I'm visited by the red curse, and a horrible melancholy comes over me,† said Cordelia. â€Å"What are you on about, child?† said I. â€Å"All women get it,† said Cordelia. â€Å"They must be punished for Eve's treachery in the garden of evil. Nurse says it makes you ever so miserable.† I patted the child's head. â€Å"For fuck's sake, sire, you've got to get the girls some teachers who aren't nuns.† â€Å"I should be punished!† said Goneril. â€Å"I've had my curse for simply months,† said Regan, not even bothering to look up from her needlepoint. â€Å"I find that if I go to the dungeon and have some prisoners tortured I feel better.† â€Å"No, I want my Pocket,† said Cordelia, starting to whine now. â€Å"You can't have him,† said Goneril. â€Å"He's to be punished, too. After what he's done.† Oswald bowed for no particular reason. â€Å"May I suggest his head on a pike on the London Bridge, sire, to discourage any more debauchery?† â€Å"Silence!† said Lear, standing. He came down the steps, walked past Oswald, who fell to his knees, and stood before me. He put his hand on Cordelia's head. The old king locked his hawk's gaze upon me. â€Å"She didn't speak for three years before you came,† he said. â€Å"Aye, sire,† said I, looking down. He turned to Goneril. â€Å"Go to your quarters. Have your nurse tend to your illusions. She will see that there is no issue from it.† â€Å"But, Father, the fool and I – â€Å" â€Å"Nonsense, you're a maid,† said Lear. â€Å"We have agreed to deliver you thus to the Duke of Albany and so it is true.† â€Å"Sire, the lady has been violated,† said Oswald, desperate now. â€Å"Guards! Take Oswald to the bailey and flog him twenty lashes for lying.† â€Å"But, sire!† Oswald squirmed as two guards seized his arms. â€Å"Twenty lashes to show my mercy! Another word of this, ever, and your head will decorate London Bridge.† We watched, stunned, as the guards dragged Oswald away, the unctuous footman weeping and red-faced from trying to hold his tongue. â€Å"May I go watch?† Goneril asked. â€Å"Go,† Lear said. â€Å"Then to your nurse.† Regan was on her feet now and had skipped to her father's side. She looked at him hopefully, up on her toes, clapping her hands lightly in anticipation. â€Å"Yes, go,† said the king. â€Å"But you may only watch.† Regan streamed out of the hall after her older sister, her raven hair flying behind her like a dark comet. â€Å"You're my fool, Pocket,† said Cordelia, taking my hand. â€Å"Come, help me. I'm teaching Dolly to speak French.† The little princess led me away. The old king watched us go without another word, one white eyebrow raised and his hawk eye burning under it like a distant frozen star.