Two topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two point - Research Paper Example Different experts have dove into the significant components that made ready for assorted associations to exceed expectations among the rest. As per Greenberg (2006), decent variety is characterized as â€Å"the assortment of contrasts between individuals in an organization†¦Diversity envelops race, sexual orientation, ethnic gathering, age, character, intellectual style, residency, authoritative capacity, instruction, foundation and more† (standard. 1). In a related writing, Esty, Griffin and Schorr-Hirsh (1995) refered to Green, Lopez, Wysocki and Kepner (2009) as giving a proper meaning of the term by showing that decent variety is â€Å"acknowledging, understanding, tolerating, esteeming, and commending contrasts among individuals concerning age, class, ethnicity, sex, physical and mental capacity, race, sexual direction, profound practice, and open help status† (Esty, et al., 1995, standard. 4). The definitions underscore the support and acknowledgment of indiv iduals from a variety of foundations esteemed to give instrumental advantages to the complicated needs of associations. As affirmed by DiTomaso (1999), a few variables add to assorted variety in the working environment, indeed: â€Å"(a) the changing segment structure of the U.S., (b) the expanded significance of globalization to benefits and long haul endurance in numerous organizations, and (c) changes in the structure of how work gets done† (DiTomaso, 1999, p. 1). Because of the assortment of affecting components that exchange, authoritative pioneers perceive the need to oversee decent variety to guarantee that it moves in the direction of the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives. Dealing with an assorted workforce ought to include successfully incorporating administrative capacities as far as arranging, sorting out, coordinating and controlling decent variety in the hierarchical setting. B. Instances of Current Applications Contemporary effective associations have bo re witness to the consolidation of decent variety in their authoritative strategies. From among the most noticeable and dynamic in its usage and utilization of assorted variety is Walmart. The official site of Walmart gloats of techniques that â€Å"implement activities to draw in and hold a various workforce, including selecting from schools and colleges with huge multicultural populaces. We additionally furnish partners with hands on preparing, administration workshops, and direct access to openings for work through our Career Preference System† (Walmart: Diversity, standard. 2). The work force profile of Walmart uncovers that â€Å"more than 850,000 of our partners are female and make up 59 percent of our U.S. workforce. 35 percent of our partners are minority: 249,000 African Americans, 171,000 Hispanics, 42,000 Asian Americans, 6,000 Pacific Islander Americans, 15,000 American Indian and Alaska Natives, and 430,000 partners 50 and over† (Walmart: Diversity Report, 2009). Another enterprise that effectively applies decent variety in their association is HSBC that â€Å"invites, grasps and oversees distinction in the changing workforce to pick up the best from its kin and to give the best support of its clients. It energizes the separating of boundaries of the past to take a gander at things in another manner, to discover viable business and client arrangements. In such associations assorted variety is viewed as a serious differentiator, in both work and client

Is American Beef Safe to Eat?- Exploring the Quality of Agricultural St

as Americans we must be aware of the nourishments that we eat that originate from the distinctive animals. Everything that is definitely not a vegetable originates from some structure or another of domesticated animals and at times we need to ponder; where is the food coming from? On the off chance that you asked any multi year old he would state â€Å"the basic food item store†, anyway as customers we must be learned of the nourishments we put into our bodies and have great confidence that they are originating from quality sources. the cows business and government to defend the food that we eat. There are as of now numerous measures set up, however would they say they are sufficient? How might we increment the nature of these norms What do we should be aware of that diminishes the estimation of these principles What are a portion of the moves being made by private industry to guarantee quality? Is the legislature taken similar activities to guard the American purchaser? US Department of Agriculture Standards Inside the United State there is just one lot of measures to review meat and hamburger items being appropriated interstate. The USDA set up these measures after the Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 which expresses that, â€Å"USDA has power to control development of unfit meat and meat items and to require poultry items in interstate and remote trade to meet Federal review standards.† There are seven gauges set up for business hamburger deal in the United States; they are on a sliding scale. Fantastic quality hamburger is marked as prime, which has a high level of marbling or fat all through the back, flank, ribs, and rear end. Prime meat will be for the most part utilized in steakhouses and eateries all through the country. The nature of this specific kind of hamburger is better than the following standard of meat, decision... ...he various vessels of showcasing and creation. There are additionally a few choices for inoculation in the event that it is being done before weaning the calf or during the weaning procedure. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Program has experienced incredible lengths to guarantee calves and steers are as a rule appropriately inoculated. They have thought of a program that is cognizant to the distinctive money related and affordable circumstances of the farmer. The most essential program is comprised of just one shot for every cow, and neglects to cover the most widely recognized conceptive infections, brucellosis, leptospirosis and campylobecteriosis. Nonetheless, this fundamental immunization is super financially savvy, at just $3.11 per bovine. The â€Å"best† program covers everything from 5-way leptospirosos, 8-way clostridal toxoid, to Pasteruella hemolytica. This program is practically crazy at an expense of $8.69 per dairy animals.

Causal Argument Essay Samples

Causal Argument Essay SamplesWhether you are a student or a teacher looking for ideas to add to your syllabus, causal argument essay samples can help you reach the final draft in no time. The power of the internet makes it easy to find such examples and they make a great resource for those looking for easy ways to construct a good argument. One thing that you will quickly learn about causal argument essay samples is that they aren't always easy to understand.Writing a syllabus for a final assignment will require a few weeks or even months to complete, depending on how much content you have to cover. A syllabus also needs to be interesting, so you might need to spend some time learning some of the more technical details. There are also other challenges that you might face. For example, if you are teaching a specific subject matter, you may want to have some recent research to show the students.When I was teaching high school, I spent my mornings reading up on materials to use in writi ng a particular unit. The material that I read had everything to do with chemistry, but I didn't really have much of an idea what I should teach. This isn't unusual, but when I was writing the syllabus I had little direction in terms of what to teach.In most of the literature, I would either read the article or sit down and try to build my argument, trying to decide whether it was one or the other, and whether I was an advocate for the opinion or the fact. Often, I was so frustrated with the difficulty that I simply decided that I didn't have to deal with it anymore. After all, wasn't this supposed to be fun? Then, I found causal argument essay samples that gave me a clear picture of what I should teach and why.When I began teaching college-level literature courses in the fall of my freshman year, my professors encouraged me to read more casual writing. This helped me to get my theory straight, but it also made it much easier to organize my thinking. Before long, I was writing the s yllabus all by myself, and it worked out quite well.Consider this brief example: The law requires that each parent and child must be present at all times when the child is in school. Although parents do a lot of things for their children, this one requirement is usually enough to prevent most problems. You know that your child is in danger, or the teacher is giving some other example that the child is in danger, and therefore you have the information you need to write your own story. This is an example of causal argument essay samples that use evidence.The evidence that has been presented is what forms the basis of your claim. This evidence will work as your foundation for your claim. In order to justify your claim, you will also need to come up with reasons that support your argument. Once you do this, you have a much better chance of convincing your students.You might be tempted to simply start with a very strong argument and then go through the logical process of proving it in a manner that is familiar to you. But, it is better to develop a logical argument first and then employ that logic in creating the evidence to support it.

Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western...

Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Societies Nature isnt always the best. I have the money to improve on nature and I dont see why I shouldnt (Cher, as cited in Glasgow Evening Times: 24 April 1992) We hadnt seen or heard from each other for 28 yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Then he suggested it would be nice if we could meet. I was very nervous about it. How much had I changed? I wanted a facelift, tummy tuck and liposuction, all in one week. (A woman, age forty-nine, being interviewed for an article on older couples falling in love; falling in love again 1990) In late modernity, the exterior territories, or surfaces, of the body have become symbols of the self, and in a society†¦show more content†¦Whether this is achieved through ornaments such as jewellery or through the wide range of physical alterations from hairdressing to tattoos to body piercing, we respond to the demand of seeing and being seen. Such visual judgements are ubiquitous in western society, and perhaps even necessary, yet they also trap us, as seen in the past hundred years where we have increasingly turned to those whom it is believed can permanently alter the way we look to others - cosmetic surgeons. Throughout the ages women in particular have undergone pain to attempt to conform to the current cultural ideals of beauty and youth. This is clear in relation to procedures such as foot binding and the wearing of restrictive corsets, where women suffered discomfort and immobility in the name of particular fashions. In recent decades, Western society have replaced these practices with strict diets and perhaps even more remarkably, cosmetic plastic surgery. The 1990s saw a significant increase in the numbers of women receiving cosmetic surgery in Britain and the United States, especially liposuction and breast augmentation procedures and today more and more women are turning to cosmetic surgery to change the shape and appearance of their bodies (Grogan: 1999: p.49). Whilst plastic surgery is not a recent phenomenon, with a history tracing back to 1000 BC, whereShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Society988 Words   |  4 PagesCosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Society Grogan, Sarah (1999) Body Image: understanding body dissatisdaction in men, women and children. London and New York: Routledge 2 4 25 41 48 49-52 57 68 151 152 191 Body Image: The picture of our own body which we form in our mind, that is to say, the way in which our body appears to ourselves. 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At the organizational level, marketing is a vital business function that is necessary in nearly all industries whether the organization operates as a forprofit or as a not-for-profit. For the for-profit organization, marketing is responsible forRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Organizational Psychology. Fellowship: Dr. Judge is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Academy of Management, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, and the American Psychological Society. Awards: In 1995 , Dr. Judge received the Ernest J. McCormick Award for Distinguished Early Career Contributions from the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. In 2001, he received the Larry L. 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Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3098 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management Over the course of this year, I have learned much about supply chain management. I have learned tactics to use during negotiations, competitive bidding processes, and other business situations. My internship this summer allowed me to have a one on one experience with supply chain management. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management" essay for you Create order This internship shed a brief light of what supply chain was and the situations that come with it. Ethics plays a role in your life every day. They shape the person you truly are, and even an honest person can make an unethical decision. In life we are all faced with decisions and I can guarantee that everyone in their lifetime will make an unethical decision. Before we move on we need to know what ethics means. Ethics is a hard word to explain. There is a variety of different definitions of ethics, and the view of ethics is different to every person. Some believe that ethics is described as what the law requires you to do. Others believe that ethics is what your religion preaches for you to do. Some people do not know what the word ethics means. An article from Santa Clara University summed up ethics correctly. Within this article it stated, â€Å"Ethics is two things. First, ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually i n terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues† (Velasquez, 2010). I completely agree with the following statement; ethics is a standard of right and wrong that usually benefits society and is fair. It further states, â€Å" ethics refers to the study and development of ones ethical standards† (Velasquez, 2010). The feelings and laws which we are supposed to follow as humans describe what is ethical. To remain ethical, we must continuously study and examine our ethical practices. Much like businesses, ethics seem to change regularly and adapt to our culture and needs. By studying our ethical practices we can continue to live up to the standards that we set for ourselves and our institutions. There is a vast amount of definitions of ethics, and there are also many different kinds of ethical approaches. The three types of ethical approaches that I believe pertain to supply chain management are virtue ethics, duty ethics, and conseque ntial ethics. According to a BBC article, virtue ethics is about a person rather than action-based: it looks at the moral character of the individual carrying out an action, rather than at ethical duty, or the consequences of those actions (â€Å"Virtue Ethics†, 2013). Virtue ethics deals with the perceptions of a person. It is human nature to assess a person on their character. Aristotle declared that a virtuous person is someone who has ideal character traits (Athanassoulis, 2014). These characteristics are usually natural and learned from your past experiences; they are generally stable and fixed throughout your life. Everyone is born with tendencies, some of these tendencies will dissipate, and others will grow. There are a number of factors that affect your virtues, such as your parents, teachers, and situations. An example of how companies can apply virtue ethics to their practice is by hiring a manager who strives to achieve moral excellence. In John Dobson article the y state, â€Å"Companies should hire a manager who virtues are honesty, fairness, prudence, and courage† (Dobson, 2007). A manager hired for a company should include all of the virtues above and should place personal virtues over any material considerations. This will allow employees to see ethical morals and practices being used in upper management. When it comes to duty based ethics, it is all about doing the right thing. In other words, duty based ethics is doing the right thing because it is the right thing to do, even if you do not agree with it. In the article â€Å"Workplace Example of Duty Based Ethics† they define a person who uses duty based ethics as, â€Å"a person who believes that the highest virtue comes from doing what you are supposed to do either because you have to, e.g., following the law, or because you agreed to, e.g., following an employers policies (Gillikin, 2012). Much like virtue ethics, duty based ethics does not take into account if th e action leads to a good or bad consequence. Obviously duty based ethics has its flaws. Humans have and will continue to break rules that are set for them. Many companies will require policies that their employees are to follow. Duty based ethics is seen throughout the supply chain. People have an obligation to do the right thing, even if that task produces a negative result. A good example of duty based ethics in the supply chain is a company’s code of conduct. Each employee must follow this code of conduct. Each employee follows this ethical code because they believe that the highest virtue comes from doing what you are supposed to do. This employee either follows this code of conduct because they have to, agreed to follow it, or it follows the law. There are obvious flaws in duty based ethics. Based on duty based ethics if you are an employee and your manager asks you to do something unethical in the supply chain, you must follow this request. Obviously duty based ethics i s needed in the supply chain, but there needs to be a common median between right and wrong. If an action will produce terrible outcomes for the common good, it must be weighed with your decision making. The last ethical approach I see in supply chain management is consequentialism or result based ethics. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines consequentialism ethics as, the action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable (Fieser, 2013). Results based ethics is seen throughout the supply chain. When companies make a decision they usually have different options, and they choose the option that is more favorable, often cutting down on cost and increasing profit. There are obvious flaws with results based ethics as well. For example, a company begins to employ children, an unethical decision, but by doing this they can drastically cut their cost and pay their U.S employees more money. Even though this sounds like an extreme cas e, this does happen in the supply chain. Although result based ethics seems like it can really work in a business’s favor, it usually doesn’t. It is true that you can see parts of virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics in the supply chain. However, many of these approaches do not take into account human rights. No person is perfectly locked into one of these approaches, but some of these approaches can be seen in supply chain management. The results of following virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics to a degree can lead to unethical decision making. Employees and companies must find a common median between virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics and the role they play in the environment around them. Much like ethics, supply chain management is a very broad topic. A supply chain is a series of links that enable the movement of products from the producer to the customer (Sairamnath, 2014). I n other words, it is how a product moves from point A to point B. However, supply chain management encompasses the management of both relationships among intermediaries and logistics activities but also includes numerous businesses and various marketing functional areas, including product decisions, promotion, pricing, procurement, and strategic alignment among organizational members (Ferrell, 2013). As you can tell, supply chain and supply chain management are very broad topics that seem to cover every aspect of a business. Not only does supply chain management control the relationships among logistical activities it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners. An example of collaboration and channel partners would be suppliers, third-party service providers, and customers. Many companies use supply chain management activities to improve profitability, cut cost, and to create a competitive advantage compared to their competition. It is obvious that corporatio ns place a tremendous amount of trust in its employees, customers, and suppliers. However, we live in an extremely competitive market that seems to demand results. This will always put pressure on employees to succeed, whatever the cost. This is where many of us run into problems with ethical decision making. We may know that this is not right, but it would look good to our superiors. Building a sustainable supply chain is a must, but making an ethical and lasting supply chain is harder than it seems. For many companies profits often out way social responsibility and ethics. An article by Forbes.com summed up the marketplace perfectly. It stated, â€Å"Corporations strive to mitigate costs and reduce uncertainty. Nowhere is that drive for certainty and cost containment more compelling than in corporate supply chain (Guthrie, 2014). Globalization within the supply chain industry has created an opportunity for new suppliers overseas, but these global suppliers also can cause uneth ical practices. An example of a company that has been linked to unethical supply chain practices is Apple. While producing the iPhone 5, an Apple supplier recruited people for their factory assembly line. According to the article, the supplier hired brokers, who charged families high fees, often a year’s worth of wages with interest. It also stated that factory workers were reportedly obliged to surrender their passports as payment until they could repay their debt (Opam, 2013). Obviously Apple is against the abuse of migrant workers or any workers in general, but this example shows that even companies that claim to be against unethical practices still have trouble with eliminating them. The quest for a competitive advantage can have an impact on how and whom the products were made by. Human rights abuse has also been a hot topic in the use of global supply chains. It is no secret that companies employ illegal workers, often some are sold into slavery. The Thai seafood indust ry is known for having thousands of â€Å"slaves†. The Thai government and many of the suppliers understand this â€Å"slave† market and still continue to use the Thai seafood suppliers. In 2013, a report found that the country of Thailand has failed to make sufficient progress in tackling human trafficking (Trent, 2014). Although many of the companies audit these locations, they seem to miss this. These companies have the power to demand accountability from their suppliers. They should be monitoring who their suppliers hire, how the products are produced, and if they are using ethical practices. Ethical issues such as child labor have played an enormous role in supply chain management. The increasing global marketplace has made companies temporarily unaware of supplier practices. It has been widely known that shifting some of our production overseas would cut down on your firms cost and produce a higher profit. However, the result of this greater profit could poten tially be the use of child labor or another unethical practice. Recently chocolate companies such as Nestlà © and Cargill have come under fire from having suppliers who employ children. According to the article written by Rich Steeves, â€Å"the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has stated that these companies tolerated child labor on cocoa farms in order to cut costs. Driven by the goal to reduce expenses in any way possible, the defendants allegedly supported the use of child slavery, the cheapest form of labor available† (Steeves, 2014). Although these companies do not own the cocoa farms, the supplier is still part of their supply chain. The global market has allowed companies to produce a tremendous amount of profit. However, is this profit worth the consequences that comes with it? This example brings me back to results based ethics. Obviously companies enjoy seeing their costs cut and a substantial amount of profit, but does this action help the greater good? With this rec ent scandal, Nestlà © has decided to take measures into their own hands. Nestlà © and its partners are now becoming increasingly involved in the communities in Cà ´te d’Ivoire. An action plan has been drawn up by Nestlà © to counteract the use of child labor. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s executive vice president of operations stated, â€Å"The use of child labor in our cocoa supply chain goes against everything we stand for. As the FLA report makes clear, no company sourcing cocoa from Cà ´te d’Ivoire can guarantee that it doesn’t happen, but what we can say is that tackling child labor is a top priority for our company† (â€Å"Nestlà © Sets Out Actions†, 2014). Nestlà © will now work closely with its suppliers, partners, and other channels throughout its cocoa supply chain. Nestlà © will also collaborate closely with the Ivorian government to eradicate the use of child labor in their cocoa supply chain. This is the first step of many coming from the Nestlà © Corporation, and I believe that with these new programs and teaming up with the local government they can cut down on the unethical practice of employing children. Many companies are increasing their focus on ethical behavior more and more. The example above shows unethical practices that happen outside of the United States. However, there are a vast amount of unethical practices that occur in the states as well. When you are hired as an employee, you’re entrusted with the company’s secrets and relationships. However, personal relationships may seem to cloud your judgment when it comes to decision making for your firm. Conflicts of interests can occur in many areas of the supply chain, and it is important that you try to avoid or mediate the potential conflicts that come with them. An example which I ran into this summer in my internship was receiving gifts from suppliers. While working for a transportation brokerage company this summer we were sent gifts , such as pens, pencils, coupons, and clocks. This can obviously be seen as a conflict of interest. My boss made it specifically clear that if any of us were to receive any gifts that we should alert him immediately to assess the situation. Not only can giving or receiving gifts be seen as a conflict of interest, but family relationships, investments, and the use of company resources can also be viewed as conflicts of interests. Employees should not feel pressured to report any of these possible conflicts of interests, but many of them fear for the safety of their job. Companies have been providing a variety of means to counteract some of these unethical behaviors. One of the easiest ways to prevent unethical behavior in the supply chain is to lead by example. Now this may sound like it is a given, but many managers do not make ethical decisions. This brings be back to the three types of ethical approaches I discussed earlier in my paper. A manager should use all 3 ethical approa ches in his management style, and he must make an ethical decision that help the individual, company, and the environment. However, the power should not be in the hands of only one person in your company. An excellent way to cut down on unethical practices is to create a system of checks and balances within your company. This will allow multiple employees the opportunity to voice their opinions on a matter and to determine if the solution or situation is ethical. This can be very beneficial in the procurement, sourcing, and outsourcing business practices in a supply chain. In an article written by Rob Handfield, it states 3 methods that many companies have incorporated in their reporting procedures. The three methods used are self-reporting, internet/email, and an ethics hotline. The three methods are shown below: Self-reporting – Process relies on employees to report any potential conflicts of interest that they may face. Typically a verbal notification system between an employee and his supervisor (Handfield, 2004). Ethics hotline is a hotline that allow employees to anonymously report when they observe fellow employees or management engaging in unethical behavior† (Handfield, 2004). Internet/Email – many companies have developed an anonymous reporting system via email or internet submission. Employees have the ability to report conflicts of interest or any other ethical behaviors to an email account, which allows the reporter to be anonymous (Handfield, 2004). These potential programs are only a handful that companies could use. It is critical for a company to have programs to counteract unethical practices. A company’s image can be drastically affected by an unethical decision it has made. Although these programs may cost the company more in the short run, it could potentially save them millions in the future. Consumers, investors, business partners, and stakeholders expect a company and its entire supply chain line to be ethical. It is known that the longer a supply chain is, the larger amount of risk that usually comes with it. The product must go through multiple suppliers before getting to the end customer. Implementing only a couple of these programs and establishing a supply chain ethics team could be very beneficial. This team would only focus on the companies supply chain and the decisions that they make. They would closely monitor suppliers and establish an audit team that would show up unannounced. Effective auditing no t only sends a strong message to suppliers, it increases transparency and helps identify problems that need remedying. Whilst the cost of a thorough auditing process may seem prohibitive in the short-term, the long-term benefits of a well-designed process will almost always pay off (Seal, 2013). Combating unethical behaviors is a challenge and takes a considerable amount of time and effort. However, the reward of having a company that is known for being highly ethical in its practices can improve your profits, image, and supplier relationships. After researching the various types of ethical approaches, unethical practices used in the supply chain, and the potential programs to counteract unethical practices I believe that companies should begin to actually adopt the outlook of placing ethics over profits. An example of switching over to this perspective of putting ethics over profits is by using suppliers that are known for having safe and suitable products. This will allow consu mers to see the company as a trusted partner that prides themselves on raising the standards in their industry, while producing quality and safe product. Many companies are seeking to find the most efficient and lowest cost methods to build and deliver their products. However, many of these companies fail to take into account if the decisions are ethical or unethical. Thus, companies should begin to focus more on their overall supply chain and to place more emphasis on ethics over profits.

Afghanistan After The Soviet Afghan War - 2245 Words

â€Å"Long before the Roussi army marched into Afghanistan, long before villages were burned and schools destroyed, long before mines were planted like seeds of death and children buried in rock-piled graves,† Afghanistan was in its Golden Age (Hosseini 136). A time before it was an â€Å"ungovernable collection of tribes† and mini-states, a time where warlords and fundamentalists were not overpowering the government, Afghanistan stood as a country of ethnic harmony and the city of Kabul was known as â€Å"the Paris of Central Asia† (Bumiller). Women were going to school and tourists were able to adventure Afghanistan’s snow-capped mountains without worry. Sadly, in December 1979, Afghanistan awoke with sounds of gunfire and an invasion had begun by the Soviet Union. The families who had the money to flee the danger zone, quickly packed their belongings and left their homes behind, hoping to return someday. After the Soviet-Afghan war was at an end, the year 1996 brought about an Islamic student militia called the Taliban. During this time period of war and destruction, children were lost in a whole new world and stolen of their purity. In Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, he tells a powerful and cruel story through the eyes of Amir’s life (the main character) starting from when children’s lives consisted of flying kites and exploring the city’s streets freely, to an era where children were in run down orphanages or begging for money on the streets to help support theirShow MoreRelatedSoviet-Afghan War Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan on December 1979, the goal was to help Afghan communist forces set up a communist government. The Soviet Union felt Afghanistan had key resources and a foothold in the Middle East to spread communist ideas. The result would be a war that the Soviet Union wishes it never got involved in and likened to their â€Å"Vietnam War †, meaning winning a number of battles but not the war like what happened to the U.S. in Vietnam. The background of the war, outcome of theRead MoreThe Beginning of the End for the Cold War1228 Words   |  5 PagesDeclining economy and diminishing legitimacy of the Soviet system at domestic level did play a crucial role, however, many realist believe that it was the US especially President Regan’s policies (Regan Doctrine) which concluded the Cold War contest with victory for the west. Kegley believes that by engaging Moscow in an arm race, the Soviet Union was dragged into a competition which exhausted their already fragile economy leading them initially into retrenchment and ultimately out of the contestRead MoreAfghanistan After The Soviet Union1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Taliban arose in Afghanistan at the beginning of 1994. They started to gain power after the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan in 1978 and left around the 1980’s. After the Soviet Union lef t Afghanistan the Taliban gained power resulting in a civil war. This rise of the Taliban was not a positive event in Afghanistan, it has caused problems that are still in occurrence today. Because of the Taliban the Afghan people are having to flee their country in order to be safe, or stay home and fight forRead MoreAfghanistan’S Strategic Geographic Location Made It The1215 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral great powers. Afghanistan is located in Central and South Asia has be involved with invasion and war for centuries because Afghanistan was an essential location in ancient times because the Silk Road passed through it. Empires like Mauyra Empire of India, Alexander the Great of Greece, Umar, an Arab Caliphate, Genghis Khan of Mongolia, Mughal Empire of Indian and many more past empires invaded Afghanistan. However, they were never able to control the all part of Afghanistan at the same time.Read MoreAfghanistan Is Like A Goat On Which The Lion And The Bear Have Both Fixed T heir Eyes?1466 Words   |  6 PagesAfghanistan , a buffer state between two super powers in the first half of 20th century, was pulled into war during the latter half, first against the USSR and then against the local rival groups or militias. The 21st century yet again brought this country into another conflict. This time it was the West led by the Americans and their puppet Pakistan, the former allies in driving out Russia from Afghanistan. The traditional buffer state of Afghanistan, due to its location at the cross roads of AsiaRead MoreWhat Is The Afghani Experience With The Soviet Union? How Different From Ca?1628 Words   |  7 PagesNiazi Poli-Sci 318 Prof. Huffman November 12, 2016 Afghanistan til September 11, 2001 the Northern Alliance had lost almost all footing in Afghanistan. Post 9/11 Afghanistan became a hotspot for terrorism, the Taliban support for Al-Qaeda(group responsible for 9/11) and their loyalty to Osama Bin Laden made way for the US to intervene. The US made allies with the Northern Alliance and helped diminish Taliban forces. Today Afghanistan is still war torn throughout and full of corruption, all whileRead MoreWhat Is The Afghani Experience With The Soviet Union? How Different From Ca?1542 Words   |  7 Pages2. What is the Afghani experience with the Soviet Union? How different from CA? The Afghani experience with the Soviet Union is nothing like Central Asian-Russian relations. Ideologically Russia had the same goal for both Central Asia and Afghanistan, hoping that one day both Central Asia and Afghanistan will eventually become Communist nations. The route chose to accomplish this goal did not pan out as planned. Central Asian countries were first invaded in 1715 and again in 1865, there was littleRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan1704 Words   |  7 PagesRepublic of Afghanistan has faced numerous invasions, a series of civil wars and enormous bloodshed. In 1978 the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in a coup against President Mohamed Daoud in what is known as the Saur Revolution. This revolution is said to be the catalyst for upheaval and armed resistance that would follow for the next 20 years. Opposition of the communist regime resulted in the rise of guerilla mujahideen forces that quickly escalated into a civil war. The SovietRead MoreOperation Cyclone : The United States Central Intelligence Agency ( Cia ) Program1452 Words   |  6 Pageswarriors in Afghanistan .The program inclined vigorously towards supporting activist Islamic gatherings that were supported by the administration of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in neighboring Pakistan. Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most costly secret CIA operations ever attempted. Subsidizing proceeded after 1989 as the mujahideen fought the strengths of Mohammad Najibullah s PDPA amid the common war in Afghanistan. Nur Muhammad Taraki communist supporters, seized control in Afghanistan on 1978Read MoreIslamic State For The Global Terrorism Index1746 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Global Terrorism Index, almost 18,000 deaths accord in 2013 which is a 60% increase from 2012. The 4 major groups responsible for these deaths are: Islamic State (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria, Boko Haram in Nigeria, the Taliban in Afghanistan and al-Qaida in various parts of the world. Steve Killelea, the executive director of the Institute for Economics and Peace stated in 2014, â€Å"significant and worrying increase in worldwide terrorism†. He also stated that, â€Å"what beheading a westerner

Networking Models In Flying Ad Hoc Networks â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Networking Models In Flying Ad Hoc Networks? Answer: Intorducation Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) refers to the delivery of services to long mile wireless broadband access (Bernardos et al., 2014). It provides both multipoint and applications. It has able to improve the network security during transmission to last mile. WiMax uses three data encryption standards for protecting the data and information. WiMax uses Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP) to encrypt all traffic on its network (Makris, Skoutas Skianis, 2013). The data encryption standards used by WiMax is described as below: Triple DES used to implement original Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm, hackers used for figuring out how to vanquish effortlessly. Triple DES was important standard and most used symmetric algorithm in organization (Osseiran et al., 2014). Triple DES uses three different keys that are 56 bits each. The key length is 168 bits; researchers would suggest that 112-bits in key quality is more similar to it. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is algorithm trusted as standard by the U.S. Government. It is used in 128-piece frame. AES uses keys of 192 and 256 bits for encryption purposes (Sahingoz, 2014). It is used in many cases in the organization for providing security to the data and security of the business organization. RSA is a key encryption algorithm and standard for encrypting transmitted on Internet. RSA is used as an asymmetric algorithm because of its uses of a couple of keys (Viani et al., 2013). The key is an algorithm that is use to encrypt message. There is a private key to decode it. The limitation of RSA encryption is a data that takes aggressors a lot of time. The two examples of WPAN technologies are Bluetooth and Zigbee. There are various security challenges in the Bluetooth devices and technology. There are various attacks against confidentiality and data integrity (Ayyash et al., 2016). Bluetooth does not provide native client verification. The authorization of the Bluetooth device is not done that causes explicit behavior of other connected devices. There is a huge threat of DoS attacks on the Bluetooth devices during transmission of data and information. There can be malicious entry of external parties during the transmission process of data and information. The sensitive data and information might be damaged and corrupted during the wireless transmission. Bluesnarfing is a threat to this technology that allows the attackers to increase the use of the Bluetooth enabled devices. It looks for the IMEI number of the Bluetooth devices and get connected through this. After connecting with the parent Bluetooth devices, the connected device breaches all the data and information from the Bluetooth device. Bluejacking causes data breach from the Bluetooth enabled mobile phones. The attacker starts the bluejacking by sending false message to the mobile phones (Jiang et al., 2017). These span messages and phishing mail causes damage to the mobile phones. ZigBee is a wireless communication with low power and low-rate that aims to provide cryptographic keys for security. The link between the two devices is maintained by the security orotocol of the ZigBee. There are various physical attacks on the ZigBee radio regarding the frequency breach (Osseiran et al., 2014). The data packets collected during the wireless communication ca be breached. Shaikh, Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. This paper deals with the harvesting of energy in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). WSN consist of large number of static sensor nodes that helps in low processing. There are various sources of energy for the WSNs including Radio Frequency-based energy harvesting, Solar-based energy harvesting, Thermal-based Energy Harvesting and Flow-based energy harvesting. There are various approaches discussed in the paper for the energy harvesting. As argued by (), the energy harvesting system might cause damage to the ecological balance of the nature. The harvesting from different sources causes depletion of the resources in the environment. Choochaisri, Apicharttrisorn Intanagonwiwat, (2017) argued that log lasting devices consumes more battery and causes energy draining. The energy-efficient reliable systems provides benefit to the users in the form of ultra-energy efficient sensors. Ulukus, Sennur, et al. "Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381. This paper discusses about the new technologies implemented in the energy-harvesting sector. As commented by Fontes et al., (2017), the new advances in the energy harvesting have changed the traditional scenario of energy harvesting. There are various potential model used in recent market for energy harvesting. On the other hand, Choochaisri, Apicharttrisorn Intanagonwiwat, (2017) argued that the use of the modern techniques in the energy harvesting have increases the initial cost of various energy sources and also depleting the natural resources. Various equations and theories discussed in the paper that utilizes the traditional concept of energy harvesting and converting it into modern technology (Osseiran et al., 2014). The possible improvement in the traditional theory has been upgraded into modern tactics. The VLSI model is used for understanding the complexity and energy of decoding and encoding in system. References Ayyash, M., Elgala, H., Khreishah, A., Jungnickel, V., Little, T., Shao, S., ... Freund, R. (2016). Coexistence of WiFi and LiFi toward 5G: Concepts, opportunities, and challenges.IEEE Communications Magazine,54(2), 64-71. Bernardos, C. J., De La Oliva, A., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L. M., Jin, H., Ziga, J. C. (2014). An architecture for software defined wireless networking.IEEE wireless communications,21(3), 52-61. Choochaisri, S., Apicharttrisorn, K., Intanagonwiwat, C. (2017). Stable Desynchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks:(I) Concepts and Algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.07002. Fontes, R. D. R., Mahfoudi, M., Dabbous, W., Turletti, T., Rothenberg, C. (2017). How Far Can We Go? Towards Realistic Software-Defined Wireless Networking Experiments.The Computer Journal, 1-14. Jiang, C., Zhang, H., Ren, Y., Han, Z., Chen, K. C., Hanzo, L. (2017). Machine learning paradigms for next-generation wireless networks.IEEE Wireless Communications,24(2), 98-105. Makris, P., Skoutas, D. N., Skianis, C. (2013). A survey on context-aware mobile and wireless networking: On networking and computing environments' integration.IEEE communications surveys tutorials,15(1), 362-386. Osseiran, A., Boccardi, F., Braun, V., Kusume, K., Marsch, P., Maternia, M., ... Tullberg, H. (2014). Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project.IEEE Communications Magazine,52(5), 26-35. Sahingoz, O. K. (2014). Networking models in flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): Concepts and challenges.Journal of Intelligent Robotic Systems,74(1-2), 513. Viani, F., Robol, F., Polo, A., Rocca, P., Oliveri, G., Massa, A. (2013). Wireless architectures for heterogeneous sensing in smart home applications: Concepts and real implementation.Proceedings of the IEEE,101(11), 2381-2396.